mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

When Thinking Drifts: Evidential Grounding for Robust Video Reasoning

arXiv 2510.06077 ↗First posted 7 Oct 2025cs.CV cs.AIcited by 16

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Abstract (arXiv)

Video reasoning, the task of enabling machines to infer from dynamic visual content through multi-step logic, is crucial for advanced AI. While the Chain-of-Thought (CoT) mechanism has enhanced reasoning in text-based tasks, its application to video understanding remains underexplored. This paper presents a systematic analysis revealing that CoT often degrades performance in video reasoning, generating verbose but misleading internal monologues, and leading to hallucinated visual details and overridden correct intuitions - a phenomenon we term "visual thinking drift". We explain this drift through a Bayesian lens, positing that CoT traces often diverge from actual visual evidence, instead amplifying internal biases or language priors, causing models to storytell rather than engage in grounded reasoning. To counteract this, we introduce Visual Evidence Reward (VER), a novel reinforcement learning framework that explicitly rewards the generation of reasoning traces that are verifiably grounded in visual evidence. Comprehensive evaluation across 10 diverse video understanding benchmarks demonstrates that our Video-VER consistently achieves top performance. Our work sheds light on the distinct challenges of video-centric reasoning and encourages the development of AI that robustly grounds its inferences in visual evidence - for large multimodal models that not only "think before answering", but also "see while thinking".

Key facts. Cited by 16 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 65 of its 75 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 7 Oct 2025.

Builds on

65 of 75 references.

References · 65

  1. 2020Language Models are Few-Shot Learnerscited by 32,419
  2. 2023GPT-4 Technical Reportcited by 18,396
  3. 2024The Llama 3 Herd of Modelscited by 14,715
  4. 2022Chain-of-Thought Prompting Elicits Reasoning in Large Language Modelscited by 12,459
  5. 2024DeepSeekMath: Pushing the Limits of Mathematical Reasoning in Open Language Modelscited by 9,379
  6. 2023Judging LLM-as-a-Judge with MT-Bench and Chatbot Arenacited by 8,626
  7. 2022Self-Consistency Improves Chain of Thought Reasoning in Language Modelscited by 5,708
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  9. 2022PaLM: Scaling Language Modeling with Pathwayscited by 5,326
  10. 2024GPT-4o System Cardcited by 4,588
  11. 2022Large Language Models are Zero-Shot Reasonerscited by 4,374
  12. 2023Tree of Thoughts: Deliberate Problem Solving with Large Language Modelscited by 3,211
38 more
  1. 2022Scaling Instruction-Finetuned Language Modelscited by 3,024
  2. 2024LLaVA-OneVision: Easy Visual Task Transfercited by 2,719
  3. 2023InternVL: Scaling up Vision Foundation Models and Aligning for Generic Visual-Linguistic Taskscited by 2,565
  4. 2023Video-LLaMA: An Instruction-tuned Audio-Visual Language Model for Video Understandingcited by 1,471
  5. 2024A Survey on LLM-as-a-Judgecited by 1,423
  6. 2024Video-MME: The First-Ever Comprehensive Evaluation Benchmark of Multi-modal LLMs in Video Analysiscited by 1,413
  7. 2022Least-to-Most Prompting Enables Complex Reasoning in Large Language Modelscited by 1,407
  8. 2025Kimi k1.5: Scaling Reinforcement Learning with LLMscited by 1,210
  9. 2023Language Models Don't Always Say What They Think: Unfaithful Explanations in Chain-of-Thought Promptingcited by 1,122
  10. 2023MVBench: A Comprehensive Multi-modal Video Understanding Benchmarkcited by 1,109
  11. 2022Program of Thoughts Prompting: Disentangling Computation from Reasoning for Numerical Reasoning Taskscited by 1,076
  12. 2021Show Your Work: Scratchpads for Intermediate Computation with Language Modelscited by 886
  13. 2023VideoChat: Chat-Centric Video Understandingcited by 857
  14. 2023VILA: On Pre-training for Visual Language Modelscited by 692
  15. 2024Thinking in Space: How Multimodal Large Language Models See, Remember, and Recall Spacescited by 611
  16. 2024Long Context Transfer from Language to Visioncited by 515
  17. 2025Video-R1: Reinforcing Video Reasoning in MLLMscited by 484
  18. 2025Open-Reasoner-Zero: An Open Source Approach to Scaling Up Reinforcement Learning on the Base Modelcited by 461
  19. 2024Hallucination of Multimodal Large Language Models: A Surveycited by 388
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  21. 2024VideoAgent: Long-form Video Understanding with Large Language Model as Agentcited by 332
  22. 2025VideoChat-R1: Enhancing Spatio-Temporal Perception via Reinforcement Fine-Tuningcited by 255
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  24. 2024ReFT: Reasoning with Reinforced Fine-Tuningcited by 239
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50 most cited of 65 All 65 (JSON)

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Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2025: 4; 2026: 12.

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  1. 2025Mull-Tokens: Modality-Agnostic Latent Thinkingcited by 19
  2. 2025Video-R2: Reinforcing Consistent and Grounded Reasoning in Multimodal Language Modelscited by 10
  3. 2026Think-as-You-See: Streaming Chain-of-Thought Reasoning for Large Vision-Language Modelscited by 6
  4. 2026Don't Let the Video Speak: Audio-Contrastive Preference Optimization for Audio-Visual Language Modelscited by 6
  5. 2025VKnowU: Evaluating Visual Knowledge Understanding in Multimodal LLMscited by 5
  6. 2026GraphThinker: Reinforcing Temporally Grounded Video Reasoning with Event Graph Thinkingcited by 5
  7. 2026HopChain: Multi-Hop Data Synthesis for Generalizable Vision-Language Reasoningcited by 5
  8. 2026When Thinking Hurts: Mitigating Visual Forgetting in Video Reasoning via Frame Repetitioncited by 3
  9. 2025Learning What to Attend First: Modality-Importance-Guided Reasoning for Reliable Multimodal Emotion Understandingcited by 1
  10. 2026SHOE: Semantic HOI Open-Vocabulary Evaluation Metriccited by 1
  11. 2026Aligning Thoughts with Answers: Probability Rewards to Tame Thinking Driftcited by 1
  12. 2026IVR-R1: Refining Trajectories through Iterative Visual-Grounded Reasoning in Reinforcement Learningcited by 0
4 more
  1. 2026Be Faithful When Response: Returning Fluent and Grounded Answers for Vision-Language Models Reinforcement Learningcited by 0
  2. 2026Counterfactual Sensitivity Is Not Repairability: Auditing Replay Probes for Video Evidencecited by 0
  3. 2026Agentic Video Understanding: A Surveycited by 0
  4. 2026Meta-Video: Efficient Standardized Evaluation for Video Understandingcited by 0

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2026Video Evidence to Reasoning Efficient Video Understanding via Explicit Evidence Grounding
  2. 2025Rethinking Chain-of-Thought Reasoning for Videos
  3. 2025VCR-Bench: A Comprehensive Evaluation Framework for Video Chain-of-Thought Reasoning
  4. 2025FrameMind: Frame-Interleaved Video Reasoning via Reinforcement Learning
  5. 2025ViTCoT: Video-Text Interleaved Chain-of-Thought for Boosting Video Understanding in Large Language Models
  6. 2026Chain-of-Glimpse: Search-Guided Progressive Object-Grounded Reasoning for Video Understanding
  7. 2026Beyond Visual CoT: Internalized Visual Thinking for Proactive Video Reasoning
  8. 2025VR-Thinker: Boosting Video Reward Models through Thinking-with-Image Reasoning