When Thinking Drifts: Evidential Grounding for Robust Video Reasoning
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Abstract (arXiv)
Video reasoning, the task of enabling machines to infer from dynamic visual content through multi-step logic, is crucial for advanced AI. While the Chain-of-Thought (CoT) mechanism has enhanced reasoning in text-based tasks, its application to video understanding remains underexplored. This paper presents a systematic analysis revealing that CoT often degrades performance in video reasoning, generating verbose but misleading internal monologues, and leading to hallucinated visual details and overridden correct intuitions - a phenomenon we term "visual thinking drift". We explain this drift through a Bayesian lens, positing that CoT traces often diverge from actual visual evidence, instead amplifying internal biases or language priors, causing models to storytell rather than engage in grounded reasoning. To counteract this, we introduce Visual Evidence Reward (VER), a novel reinforcement learning framework that explicitly rewards the generation of reasoning traces that are verifiably grounded in visual evidence. Comprehensive evaluation across 10 diverse video understanding benchmarks demonstrates that our Video-VER consistently achieves top performance. Our work sheds light on the distinct challenges of video-centric reasoning and encourages the development of AI that robustly grounds its inferences in visual evidence - for large multimodal models that not only "think before answering", but also "see while thinking".
Key facts. Cited by 16 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 65 of its 75 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 7 Oct 2025.
Builds on
65 of 75 references.
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Citing papers per year: 2025: 4; 2026: 12.
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- 2025Mull-Tokens: Modality-Agnostic Latent Thinkingcited by 19
- 2025Video-R2: Reinforcing Consistent and Grounded Reasoning in Multimodal Language Modelscited by 10
- 2026Think-as-You-See: Streaming Chain-of-Thought Reasoning for Large Vision-Language Modelscited by 6
- 2026Don't Let the Video Speak: Audio-Contrastive Preference Optimization for Audio-Visual Language Modelscited by 6
- 2025VKnowU: Evaluating Visual Knowledge Understanding in Multimodal LLMscited by 5
- 2026GraphThinker: Reinforcing Temporally Grounded Video Reasoning with Event Graph Thinkingcited by 5
- 2026HopChain: Multi-Hop Data Synthesis for Generalizable Vision-Language Reasoningcited by 5
- 2026When Thinking Hurts: Mitigating Visual Forgetting in Video Reasoning via Frame Repetitioncited by 3
- 2025Learning What to Attend First: Modality-Importance-Guided Reasoning for Reliable Multimodal Emotion Understandingcited by 1
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- 2026Aligning Thoughts with Answers: Probability Rewards to Tame Thinking Driftcited by 1
- 2026IVR-R1: Refining Trajectories through Iterative Visual-Grounded Reasoning in Reinforcement Learningcited by 0
4 more
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- 2026Meta-Video: Efficient Standardized Evaluation for Video Understandingcited by 0
- 2026Meta-Video: Efficient Standardized Evaluation for Video Understanding13 Oct 2026
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- 2026Agentic Video Understanding: A Survey21 Sep 2026
- 2026Counterfactual Sensitivity Is Not Repairability: Auditing Replay Probes for Video Evidence16 Aug 2026
- 2026Be Faithful When Response: Returning Fluent and Grounded Answers for Vision-Language Models Reinforcement Learning29 Jun 2026
- 2026IVR-R1: Refining Trajectories through Iterative Visual-Grounded Reasoning in Reinforcement Learning18 May 2026
- 2026Don't Let the Video Speak: Audio-Contrastive Preference Optimization for Audio-Visual Language Models15 Apr 2026
- 2026SHOE: Semantic HOI Open-Vocabulary Evaluation Metric2 Apr 2026
- 2026HopChain: Multi-Hop Data Synthesis for Generalizable Vision-Language Reasoning17 Mar 2026
- 2026When Thinking Hurts: Mitigating Visual Forgetting in Video Reasoning via Frame Repetition17 Mar 2026
- 2026Think-as-You-See: Streaming Chain-of-Thought Reasoning for Large Vision-Language Models3 Mar 2026
- 2026GraphThinker: Reinforcing Temporally Grounded Video Reasoning with Event Graph Thinking19 Feb 2026
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- 2025Learning What to Attend First: Modality-Importance-Guided Reasoning for Reliable Multimodal Emotion Understanding2 Dec 2025
- 2025Video-R2: Reinforcing Consistent and Grounded Reasoning in Multimodal Language Models28 Nov 2025
- 2025VKnowU: Evaluating Visual Knowledge Understanding in Multimodal LLMs25 Nov 2025
- 2025Video-R2: Reinforcing Consistent and Grounded Reasoning in Multimodal Language Modelscited by 10
- 2026Think-as-You-See: Streaming Chain-of-Thought Reasoning for Large Vision-Language Modelscited by 6
- 2026GraphThinker: Reinforcing Temporally Grounded Video Reasoning with Event Graph Thinkingcited by 5
- 2026HopChain: Multi-Hop Data Synthesis for Generalizable Vision-Language Reasoningcited by 5
- 2026When Thinking Hurts: Mitigating Visual Forgetting in Video Reasoning via Frame Repetitioncited by 3
- 2025Learning What to Attend First: Modality-Importance-Guided Reasoning for Reliable Multimodal Emotion Understandingcited by 1
- 2026Aligning Thoughts with Answers: Probability Rewards to Tame Thinking Driftcited by 1
- 2026IVR-R1: Refining Trajectories through Iterative Visual-Grounded Reasoning in Reinforcement Learningcited by 0
- 2026Be Faithful When Response: Returning Fluent and Grounded Answers for Vision-Language Models Reinforcement Learningcited by 0
- 2026Aligning Thoughts with Answers: Probability Rewards to Tame Thinking Drift30 Sep 2026
- 2026Be Faithful When Response: Returning Fluent and Grounded Answers for Vision-Language Models Reinforcement Learning29 Jun 2026
- 2026IVR-R1: Refining Trajectories through Iterative Visual-Grounded Reasoning in Reinforcement Learning18 May 2026
- 2026HopChain: Multi-Hop Data Synthesis for Generalizable Vision-Language Reasoning17 Mar 2026
- 2026When Thinking Hurts: Mitigating Visual Forgetting in Video Reasoning via Frame Repetition17 Mar 2026
- 2026Think-as-You-See: Streaming Chain-of-Thought Reasoning for Large Vision-Language Models3 Mar 2026
- 2026GraphThinker: Reinforcing Temporally Grounded Video Reasoning with Event Graph Thinking19 Feb 2026
- 2025Learning What to Attend First: Modality-Importance-Guided Reasoning for Reliable Multimodal Emotion Understanding2 Dec 2025
- 2025Video-R2: Reinforcing Consistent and Grounded Reasoning in Multimodal Language Models28 Nov 2025
- 2026Agentic Video Understanding: A Surveycited by 0
- 2026Agentic Video Understanding: A Survey21 Sep 2026
- 2025Mull-Tokens: Modality-Agnostic Latent Thinkingcited by 19
- 2026SHOE: Semantic HOI Open-Vocabulary Evaluation Metriccited by 1
- 2026Counterfactual Sensitivity Is Not Repairability: Auditing Replay Probes for Video Evidencecited by 0
- 2026Meta-Video: Efficient Standardized Evaluation for Video Understandingcited by 0
- 2026Meta-Video: Efficient Standardized Evaluation for Video Understanding13 Oct 2026
- 2026Counterfactual Sensitivity Is Not Repairability: Auditing Replay Probes for Video Evidence16 Aug 2026
- 2026SHOE: Semantic HOI Open-Vocabulary Evaluation Metric2 Apr 2026
- 2025Mull-Tokens: Modality-Agnostic Latent Thinking11 Dec 2025
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