mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

CAM: A Constructivist View of Agentic Memory for LLM-Based Reading Comprehension

arXiv 2510.05520 ↗First posted 7 Oct 2025cs.CL cs.AIcited by 23

On the map: LLM agents and tool use → Agent memory systems

Abstract (arXiv)

Current Large Language Models (LLMs) are confronted with overwhelming information volume when comprehending long-form documents. This challenge raises the imperative of a cohesive memory module, which can elevate vanilla LLMs into autonomous reading agents. Despite the emergence of some heuristic approaches, a systematic design principle remains absent. To fill this void, we draw inspiration from Jean Piaget's Constructivist Theory, illuminating three traits of the agentic memory -- structured schemata, flexible assimilation, and dynamic accommodation. This blueprint forges a clear path toward a more robust and efficient memory system for LLM-based reading comprehension. To this end, we develop CAM, a prototype implementation of Constructivist Agentic Memory that simultaneously embodies the structurality, flexibility, and dynamicity. At its core, CAM is endowed with an incremental overlapping clustering algorithm for structured memory development, supporting both coherent hierarchical summarization and online batch integration. During inference, CAM adaptively explores the memory structure to activate query-relevant information for contextual response, akin to the human associative process. Compared to existing approaches, our design demonstrates dual advantages in both performance and efficiency across diverse long-text reading comprehension tasks, including question answering, query-based summarization, and claim verification.

Key facts. Cited by 23 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Agent memory systems, one of 16 directions in LLM agents and tool use. Builds on 49 of its 63 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 7 Oct 2025.

Builds on

49 of 63 references.

Closest ancestors · 2

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2024A Survey on the Memory Mechanism of Large Language Model based Agents21 Apr
  2. 2024A Human-Inspired Reading Agent with Gist Memory of Very Long Contexts15 Feb

Other references · 47

  1. 2020Language Models are Few-Shot Learnerscited by 32,419
  2. 2024The Llama 3 Herd of Modelscited by 14,715
  3. 2023Llama 2: Open Foundation and Fine-Tuned Chat Modelscited by 13,028
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  5. 2022PaLM: Scaling Language Modeling with Pathwayscited by 5,326
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  11. 2024From Local to Global: A Graph RAG Approach to Query-Focused Summarizationcited by 1,453
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35 more
  1. 2023MemGPT: Towards LLMs as Operating Systemscited by 1,389
  2. 2020Constructing A Multi-hop QA Dataset for Comprehensive Evaluation of Reasoning Stepscited by 1,282
  3. 2021Unsupervised Dense Information Retrieval with Contrastive Learningcited by 1,216
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  11. 2021QMSum: A New Benchmark for Query-based Multi-domain Meeting Summarizationcited by 365
  12. 2024Long-context LLMs Struggle with Long In-context Learningcited by 286
  13. 2024HippoRAG: Neurobiologically Inspired Long-Term Memory for Large Language Modelscited by 281
  14. 2024MultiHop-RAG: Benchmarking Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Multi-Hop Queriescited by 257
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Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2025: 4; 2026: 19.

23 papers.

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  1. 2026A Survey of Agent Memory in the Second Half: Towards Self-Evolving and Long-Horizon Agentscited by 44
  2. 2026From Storage to Experience: A Survey on the Evolution of LLM Agent Memory Mechanismscited by 21
  3. 2026Beyond RAG for Agent Memory: Retrieval by Decoupling and Aggregationcited by 19
  4. 2026Memory Matters More: Event-Centric Memory as a Logic Map for Agent Searching and Reasoningcited by 17
  5. 2025AI Meets Brain: Memory Systems from Cognitive Neuroscience to Autonomous Agentscited by 12
  6. 2026Does Memory Need Graphs? A Unified Framework and Empirical Analysis for Long-Term Dialog Memorycited by 10
  7. 2026Memory-R2: Fair Credit Assignment for Long-Horizon Memory-Augmented LLM Agentscited by 10
  8. 2025RGMem: Renormalization Group-inspired Memory Evolution for Language Agentscited by 7
  9. 2026Semantic XPath: Structured Agentic Memory Access for Conversational AIcited by 7
  10. 2025HGMEM: Hypergraph-based Working Memory to Improve Multi-step RAG for Long-Context Complex Relational Modelingcited by 4
  11. 2026HyMem: Hybrid Memory Architecture with Dynamic Retrieval Schedulingcited by 4
  12. 2026LeanMem: Simple and Efficient Long-Term Memory for LLM Agentscited by 4
11 more
  1. 2026Bi-Mem: Bidirectional Construction of Hierarchical Memory for Personalized LLMs via Inductive-Reflective Agentscited by 3
  2. 2026Verifiable Memory: Learning Unified Memory Management with Local and Global Verifiers for Large Language Model Agentscited by 3
  3. 2026Retrieval-Driven Memory Reconsolidation for Long-Term LLM Agentscited by 2
  4. 2025Learning to Debug: LLM-Organized Knowledge Trees for Solving RTL Assertion Failurescited by 1
  5. 2026Joint Optimization of Multi-agent Memory Systemcited by 1
  6. 2026To Know is to Construct: Schema-Constrained Generation for Agent Memorycited by 1
  7. 2026Tree-based Credit Assignment for Multi-Agent Memory Systemcited by 1
  8. 2026AgentSpec: Understanding Embodied Agent Scaffolds Through Controlled Compositioncited by 1
  9. 2026Trace Only What You Need: Structure-Aware On-Demand Hypergraph Memory for Long-Document Question Answeringcited by 0
  10. 2026HERO: Human-profile Enhanced Retrieval Optimization Framework for Long-term Agent Memorycited by 0
  11. 2026MEMO: Multimodal Evidence Memory Organization for Long-Horizon LLM Agentscited by 0

Similar, not cited

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  1. 2026MemReread: Enhancing Agentic Long-Context Reasoning via Memory-Guided Rereading
  2. 2024On the Structural Memory of LLM Agents
  3. 2026The AI Hippocampus: How Far are We From Human Memory?
  4. 2026Evaluating Memory Structure in LLM Agents
  5. 2025Evaluating Memory in LLM Agents via Incremental Multi-Turn Interactions
  6. 2025A-MEM: Agentic Memory for LLM Agents
  7. 2026Amory: Building Coherent Narrative-Driven Agent Memory through Agentic Reasoning
  8. 2026Anatomy of Agentic Memory: Taxonomy and Empirical Analysis of Evaluation and System Limitations