mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Human-MME: A Holistic Evaluation Benchmark for Human-Centric Multimodal Large Language Models

arXiv 2509.26165 ↗First posted 30 Sep 2025cs.CVcited by 5

On the map: Multimodal LLMs / vision-language models → MLLM training and visual instruction tuning

Abstract (arXiv)

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have demonstrated significant advances in visual understanding tasks. However, their capacity to comprehend human-centric scenes has rarely been explored, primarily due to the absence of comprehensive evaluation benchmarks that take into account both the human-oriented granular level and higher-dimensional causal reasoning ability. Such high-quality evaluation benchmarks face tough obstacles, given the physical complexity of the human body and the difficulty of annotating granular structures. In this paper, we propose Human-MME, a curated benchmark designed to provide a more holistic evaluation of MLLMs in human-centric scene understanding. Compared with other existing benchmarks, our work provides three key features: 1. Diversity in human scene, spanning 4 primary visual domains with 15 secondary domains and 43 sub-fields to ensure broad scenario coverage. 2. Progressive and diverse evaluation dimensions, evaluating the human-based activities progressively from the human-oriented granular perception to the higher-dimensional reasoning, consisting of eight dimensions with 19,945 real-world image question pairs and an evaluation suite. 3. High-quality annotations with rich data paradigms, constructing the automated annotation pipeline and human-annotation platform, supporting rigorous manual labeling to facilitate precise and reliable model assessment. Our benchmark extends the single-target understanding to the multi-person and multi-image mutual understanding by constructing the choice, short-answer, grounding, ranking and judgment question components, and complex questions of their combination. The extensive experiments on 17 state-of-the-art MLLMs effectively expose the limitations and guide future MLLMs research toward better human-centric image understanding. All data and code are available at https://github.com/Yuan-Hou/Human-MME.

Key facts. Cited by 5 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in MLLM training and visual instruction tuning, one of 16 directions in Multimodal LLMs / vision-language models. Builds on 83 of its 98 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 30 Sep 2025.

Builds on

83 of 98 references.

Closest ancestors · 15

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2025Aya Vision: Advancing the Frontier of Multilingual Multimodality13 May
  2. 2025Phi-4-Mini Technical Report: Compact yet Powerful Multimodal Language Models via Mixture-of-LoRAs3 Mar
  3. 2024LLaVA-KD: A Framework of Distilling Multimodal Large Language Models21 Oct
  4. 2024LLaVA-OneVision: Easy Visual Task Transfer6 Aug
  5. 2024MiniCPM-V: A GPT-4V Level MLLM on Your Phone3 Aug
  6. 2023InternVL: Scaling up Vision Foundation Models and Aligning for Generic Visual-Linguistic Tasks21 Dec
  7. 2023mPLUG-Owl2: Revolutionizing Multi-modal Large Language Model with Modality Collaboration7 Nov
  8. 2023Improved Baselines with Visual Instruction Tuning5 Oct
  9. 2023MM-Vet: Evaluating Large Multimodal Models for Integrated Capabilities4 Aug
  10. 2023SEED-Bench: Benchmarking Multimodal LLMs with Generative Comprehension30 Jul
  11. 2023MMBench: Is Your Multi-modal Model an All-around Player?12 Jul
  12. 2023A Survey on Multimodal Large Language Models23 Jun
3 more
  1. 2023MME: A Comprehensive Evaluation Benchmark for Multimodal Large Language Models23 Jun
  2. 2023OBELICS: An Open Web-Scale Filtered Dataset of Interleaved Image-Text Documents21 Jun
  3. 2023Otter: A Multi-Modal Model with In-Context Instruction Tuning5 May

Other references · 68

  1. 2020Language Models are Few-Shot Learnerscited by 32,199
  2. 2023GPT-4 Technical Reportcited by 18,132
  3. 2023LLaMA: Open and Efficient Foundation Language Modelscited by 13,958
  4. 2023Llama 2: Open Foundation and Fine-Tuned Chat Modelscited by 12,865
  5. 2025Qwen3 Technical Reportcited by 8,195
  6. 2023Visual Instruction Tuningcited by 7,792
  7. 2023BLIP-2: Bootstrapping Language-Image Pre-training with Frozen Image Encoders and Large Language Modelscited by 6,069
  8. 2023Efficient Memory Management for Large Language Model Serving with PagedAttentioncited by 5,767
  9. 2019BERTScore: Evaluating Text Generation with BERTcited by 5,462
  10. 2025Qwen2.5-VL Technical Reportcited by 5,418
  11. 2022PaLM: Scaling Language Modeling with Pathwayscited by 5,304
  12. 2024Qwen2.5 Technical Reportcited by 4,713
38 more
  1. 2024GPT-4o System Cardcited by 4,467
  2. 2014Deep Learning Face Attributes in the Wildcited by 3,679
  3. 2025Gemini 2.5: Pushing the Frontier with Advanced Reasoning, Multimodality, Long Context, and Next Generation Agentic Capabilitiescited by 3,655
  4. 2023Grounding DINO: Marrying DINO with Grounded Pre-Training for Open-Set Object Detectioncited by 3,274
  5. 2024Gemini 1.5: Unlocking multimodal understanding across millions of tokens of contextcited by 3,175
  6. 2023MiniGPT-4: Enhancing Vision-Language Understanding with Advanced Large Language Modelscited by 2,689
  7. 2016Making the V in VQA Matter: Elevating the Role of Image Understanding in Visual Question Answeringcited by 2,498
  8. 2023MMMU: A Massive Multi-discipline Multimodal Understanding and Reasoning Benchmark for Expert AGIcited by 2,044
  9. 2023PaLM-E: An Embodied Multimodal Language Modelcited by 2,037
  10. 2022Learn to Explain: Multimodal Reasoning via Thought Chains for Science Question Answeringcited by 1,881
  11. 2025InternVL3: Exploring Advanced Training and Test-Time Recipes for Open-Source Multimodal Modelscited by 1,769
  12. 2023VBench: Comprehensive Benchmark Suite for Video Generative Modelscited by 1,755
  13. 2023Evaluating Object Hallucination in Large Vision-Language Modelscited by 1,696
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  15. 2025InternVL3.5: Advancing Open-Source Multimodal Models in Versatility, Reasoning, and Efficiencycited by 1,419
  16. 2020MiniLM: Deep Self-Attention Distillation for Task-Agnostic Compression of Pre-Trained Transformerscited by 1,414
  17. 2023Video-LLaVA: Learning United Visual Representation by Alignment Before Projectioncited by 1,385
  18. 2024Video-MME: The First-Ever Comprehensive Evaluation Benchmark of Multi-modal LLMs in Video Analysiscited by 1,375
  19. 2023PaLM 2 Technical Reportcited by 1,154
  20. 2023MVBench: A Comprehensive Multi-modal Video Understanding Benchmarkcited by 1,086
  21. 2023Video-ChatGPT: Towards Detailed Video Understanding via Large Vision and Language Modelscited by 1,047
  22. 2018VizWiz Grand Challenge: Answering Visual Questions from Blind Peoplecited by 852
  23. 2023VideoChat: Chat-Centric Video Understandingcited by 851
  24. 2024VideoLLaMA 2: Advancing Spatial-Temporal Modeling and Audio Understanding in Video-LLMscited by 749
  25. 2023EgoSchema: A Diagnostic Benchmark for Very Long-form Video Language Understandingcited by 666
  26. 2024LLM Evaluators Recognize and Favor Their Own Generationscited by 651
  27. 2024MathVerse: Does Your Multi-modal LLM Truly See the Diagrams in Visual Math Problems?cited by 573
  28. 2023OpenFlamingo: An Open-Source Framework for Training Large Autoregressive Vision-Language Modelscited by 560
  29. 2019ActivityNet-QA: A Dataset for Understanding Complex Web Videos via Question Answeringcited by 559
  30. 2025GLM-4.5V and GLM-4.1V-Thinking: Towards Versatile Multimodal Reasoning with Scalable Reinforcement Learningcited by 439
  31. 2024Panda-70M: Captioning 70M Videos with Multiple Cross-Modality Teacherscited by 389
  32. 2025Kimi-VL Technical Reportcited by 381
  33. 2024OpenVid-1M: A Large-Scale High-Quality Dataset for Text-to-video Generationcited by 332
  34. 2024PLLaVA : Parameter-free LLaVA Extension from Images to Videos for Video Dense Captioningcited by 320
  35. 2023Effective Whole-body Pose Estimation with Two-stages Distillationcited by 307
  36. 2017Learning to Detect Human-Object Interactionscited by 238
  37. 2017Detecting and Recognizing Human-Object Interactionscited by 199
  38. 2019Gradio: Hassle-Free Sharing and Testing of ML Models in the Wildcited by 176

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  1. 2025HumanVideo-MME: Benchmarking MLLMs for Human-Centric Video Understanding
  2. 2024HERM: Benchmarking and Enhancing Multimodal LLMs for Human-Centric Understanding
  3. 2025LENS: Multi-level Evaluation of Multimodal Reasoning with Large Language Models
  4. 2024MMEvalPro: Calibrating Multimodal Benchmarks Towards Trustworthy and Efficient Evaluation
  5. 2024HumanVLM: Foundation for Human-Scene Vision-Language Model
  6. 2024MM-InstructEval: Zero-Shot Evaluation of (Multimodal) Large Language Models on Multimodal Reasoning Tasks
  7. 2024MMIU: Multimodal Multi-image Understanding for Evaluating Large Vision-Language Models
  8. 2023Benchmarking Sequential Visual Input Reasoning and Prediction in Multimodal Large Language Models