mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

CoFFT: Chain of Foresight-Focus Thought for Visual Language Models

arXiv 2509.22010 ↗First posted 26 Sep 2025cs.CVcited by 6

On the map: LLM reasoning → Multimodal reasoning

also in 1 more
Abstract (arXiv)

Despite significant advances in Vision Language Models (VLMs), they remain constrained by the complexity and redundancy of visual input. When images contain large amounts of irrelevant information, VLMs are susceptible to interference, thus generating excessive task-irrelevant reasoning processes or even hallucinations. This limitation stems from their inability to discover and process the required regions during reasoning precisely. To address this limitation, we present the Chain of Foresight-Focus Thought (CoFFT), a novel training-free approach that enhances VLMs' visual reasoning by emulating human visual cognition. Each Foresight-Focus Thought consists of three stages: (1) Diverse Sample Generation: generates diverse reasoning samples to explore potential reasoning paths, where each sample contains several reasoning steps; (2) Dual Foresight Decoding: rigorously evaluates these samples based on both visual focus and reasoning progression, adding the first step of optimal sample to the reasoning process; (3) Visual Focus Adjustment: precisely adjust visual focus toward regions most beneficial for future reasoning, before returning to stage (1) to generate subsequent reasoning samples until reaching the final answer. These stages function iteratively, creating an interdependent cycle where reasoning guides visual focus and visual focus informs subsequent reasoning. Empirical results across multiple benchmarks using Qwen2.5-VL, InternVL-2.5, and Llava-Next demonstrate consistent performance improvements of 3.1-5.8% with controllable increasing computational overhead.

Key facts. Cited by 6 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Multimodal reasoning, one of 17 directions in LLM reasoning. Builds on 41 of its 50 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 26 Sep 2025.

Builds on

41 of 50 references.

Closest ancestors · 12

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2024Interleaved-Modal Chain-of-Thought29 Nov
  2. 2024VProChart: Answering Chart Question through Visual Perception Alignment Agent and Programmatic Solution Reasoning3 Sep
  3. 2024We-Math: Does Your Large Multimodal Model Achieve Human-like Mathematical Reasoning?1 Jul
  4. 2024Visual Sketchpad: Sketching as a Visual Chain of Thought for Multimodal Language Models13 Jun
  5. 2024M3CoT: A Novel Benchmark for Multi-Domain Multi-step Multi-modal Chain-of-Thought26 May
  6. 2024Measuring Multimodal Mathematical Reasoning with MATH-Vision Dataset22 Feb
  7. 2024CogCoM: A Visual Language Model with Chain-of-Manipulations Reasoning6 Feb
  8. 2023Compositional Chain-of-Thought Prompting for Large Multimodal Models27 Nov
  9. 2023MathVista: Evaluating Mathematical Reasoning of Foundation Models in Visual Contexts3 Oct
  10. 2023T-SciQ: Teaching Multimodal Chain-of-Thought Reasoning via Mixed Large Language Model Signals for Science Question Answering5 May
  11. 2023MM-REACT: Prompting ChatGPT for Multimodal Reasoning and Action20 Mar
  12. 2023Visual ChatGPT: Talking, Drawing and Editing with Visual Foundation Models8 Mar

Other references · 29

  1. 2023Visual Instruction Tuningcited by 7,792
  2. 2020Scaling Laws for Neural Language Modelscited by 6,411
  3. 2023BLIP-2: Bootstrapping Language-Image Pre-training with Frozen Image Encoders and Large Language Modelscited by 6,069
  4. 2025Qwen2.5-VL Technical Reportcited by 5,418
  5. 2022BLIP: Bootstrapping Language-Image Pre-training for Unified Vision-Language Understanding and Generationcited by 4,310
  6. 2023HuggingGPT: Solving AI Tasks with ChatGPT and its Friends in Hugging Facecited by 1,173
  7. 2024OlympiadBench: A Challenging Benchmark for Promoting AGI with Olympiad-Level Bilingual Multimodal Scientific Problemscited by 1,099
  8. 2024Are We on the Right Way for Evaluating Large Vision-Language Models?cited by 893
  9. 2024SpatialVLM: Endowing Vision-Language Models with Spatial Reasoning Capabilitiescited by 679
  10. 2024LLaVA-NeXT-Interleave: Tackling Multi-image, Video, and 3D in Large Multimodal Modelscited by 571
  11. 2023V*: Guided Visual Search as a Core Mechanism in Multimodal LLMscited by 459
  12. 2024VisionZip: Longer is Better but Not Necessary in Vision Language Modelscited by 298
17 more
  1. 2024CharXiv: Charting Gaps in Realistic Chart Understanding in Multimodal LLMscited by 229
  2. 2025InternVideo2.5: Empowering Video MLLMs with Long and Rich Context Modelingcited by 203
  3. 2025MLLMs Know Where to Look: Training-free Perception of Small Visual Details with Multimodal LLMscited by 172
  4. 2024MLLM can see? Dynamic Correction Decoding for Hallucination Mitigationcited by 87
  5. 2024MoVA: Adapting Mixture of Vision Experts to Multimodal Contextcited by 82
  6. 2024Mind's Eye of LLMs: Visualization-of-Thought Elicits Spatial Reasoning in Large Language Modelscited by 65
  7. 2025PhysReason: A Comprehensive Benchmark towards Physics-Based Reasoningcited by 58
  8. 2020Predicting Goal-directed Human Attention Using Inverse Reinforcement Learningcited by 53
  9. 2025DyFo: A Training-Free Dynamic Focus Visual Search for Enhancing LMMs in Fine-Grained Visual Understandingcited by 47
  10. 2024EvoChart: A Benchmark and a Self-Training Approach Towards Real-World Chart Understandingcited by 32
  11. 2018Finding any Waldo: zero-shot invariant and efficient visual searchcited by 28
  12. 2025Introducing Visual Perception Token into Multimodal Large Language Modelcited by 26
  13. 2024Non-myopic Generation of Language Models for Reasoning and Planningcited by 25
  14. 2025AutoGPS: Automated Geometry Problem Solving via Multimodal Formalization and Deductive Reasoningcited by 14
  15. 2025φ-Decoding: Adaptive Foresight Sampling for Balanced Inference-Time Exploration and Exploitationcited by 12
  16. 2024ChatGen: Automatic Text-to-Image Generation From FreeStyle Chattingcited by 11
  17. 2020Modeling human visual search: A combined Bayesian searcher and saliency map approach for eye movement guidance in natural scenescited by 6

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2026: 6.

6 papers.

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2026From Seeing to Thinking: Decoupling Perception and Reasoning Improves Post-Training of Vision-Language Models
  2. 2025Weaving Context Across Images: Improving Vision-Language Models through Focus-Centric Visual Chains
  3. 2025Chain-of-Visual-Thought: Teaching VLMs to See and Think Better with Continuous Visual Tokens
  4. 2024Thinking Before Looking: Improving Multimodal LLM Reasoning via Mitigating Visual Hallucination
  5. 2025Focusing by Contrastive Attention: Enhancing VLMs' Visual Reasoning
  6. 2026See Further, Think Deeper: Advancing VLM's Reasoning Ability with Low-level Visual Cues and Reflection
  7. 2025Learning to See Before Seeing: Demystifying LLM Visual Priors from Language Pre-training
  8. 2026Reasoning Dynamics and the Limits of Monitoring Modality Reliance in Vision-Language Models