CoFFT: Chain of Foresight-Focus Thought for Visual Language Models
On the map: LLM reasoning → Multimodal reasoning
Abstract (arXiv)
Despite significant advances in Vision Language Models (VLMs), they remain constrained by the complexity and redundancy of visual input. When images contain large amounts of irrelevant information, VLMs are susceptible to interference, thus generating excessive task-irrelevant reasoning processes or even hallucinations. This limitation stems from their inability to discover and process the required regions during reasoning precisely. To address this limitation, we present the Chain of Foresight-Focus Thought (CoFFT), a novel training-free approach that enhances VLMs' visual reasoning by emulating human visual cognition. Each Foresight-Focus Thought consists of three stages: (1) Diverse Sample Generation: generates diverse reasoning samples to explore potential reasoning paths, where each sample contains several reasoning steps; (2) Dual Foresight Decoding: rigorously evaluates these samples based on both visual focus and reasoning progression, adding the first step of optimal sample to the reasoning process; (3) Visual Focus Adjustment: precisely adjust visual focus toward regions most beneficial for future reasoning, before returning to stage (1) to generate subsequent reasoning samples until reaching the final answer. These stages function iteratively, creating an interdependent cycle where reasoning guides visual focus and visual focus informs subsequent reasoning. Empirical results across multiple benchmarks using Qwen2.5-VL, InternVL-2.5, and Llava-Next demonstrate consistent performance improvements of 3.1-5.8% with controllable increasing computational overhead.
Key facts. Cited by 6 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Multimodal reasoning, one of 17 directions in LLM reasoning. Builds on 41 of its 50 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 26 Sep 2025.
Builds on
41 of 50 references.
Closest ancestors · 12
Same direction, newest first
- 2024Interleaved-Modal Chain-of-Thought29 Nov
- 2024VProChart: Answering Chart Question through Visual Perception Alignment Agent and Programmatic Solution Reasoning3 Sep
- 2024We-Math: Does Your Large Multimodal Model Achieve Human-like Mathematical Reasoning?1 Jul
- 2024Visual Sketchpad: Sketching as a Visual Chain of Thought for Multimodal Language Models13 Jun
- 2024M3CoT: A Novel Benchmark for Multi-Domain Multi-step Multi-modal Chain-of-Thought26 May
- 2024Measuring Multimodal Mathematical Reasoning with MATH-Vision Dataset22 Feb
- 2024CogCoM: A Visual Language Model with Chain-of-Manipulations Reasoning6 Feb
- 2023Compositional Chain-of-Thought Prompting for Large Multimodal Models27 Nov
- 2023MathVista: Evaluating Mathematical Reasoning of Foundation Models in Visual Contexts3 Oct
- 2023T-SciQ: Teaching Multimodal Chain-of-Thought Reasoning via Mixed Large Language Model Signals for Science Question Answering5 May
- 2023MM-REACT: Prompting ChatGPT for Multimodal Reasoning and Action20 Mar
- 2023Visual ChatGPT: Talking, Drawing and Editing with Visual Foundation Models8 Mar
Other references · 29
- 2023Visual Instruction Tuningcited by 7,792
- 2020Scaling Laws for Neural Language Modelscited by 6,411
- 2023BLIP-2: Bootstrapping Language-Image Pre-training with Frozen Image Encoders and Large Language Modelscited by 6,069
- 2025Qwen2.5-VL Technical Reportcited by 5,418
- 2022BLIP: Bootstrapping Language-Image Pre-training for Unified Vision-Language Understanding and Generationcited by 4,310
- 2023HuggingGPT: Solving AI Tasks with ChatGPT and its Friends in Hugging Facecited by 1,173
- 2024OlympiadBench: A Challenging Benchmark for Promoting AGI with Olympiad-Level Bilingual Multimodal Scientific Problemscited by 1,099
- 2024Are We on the Right Way for Evaluating Large Vision-Language Models?cited by 893
- 2024SpatialVLM: Endowing Vision-Language Models with Spatial Reasoning Capabilitiescited by 679
- 2024LLaVA-NeXT-Interleave: Tackling Multi-image, Video, and 3D in Large Multimodal Modelscited by 571
- 2023V*: Guided Visual Search as a Core Mechanism in Multimodal LLMscited by 459
- 2024VisionZip: Longer is Better but Not Necessary in Vision Language Modelscited by 298
17 more
- 2024CharXiv: Charting Gaps in Realistic Chart Understanding in Multimodal LLMscited by 229
- 2025InternVideo2.5: Empowering Video MLLMs with Long and Rich Context Modelingcited by 203
- 2025MLLMs Know Where to Look: Training-free Perception of Small Visual Details with Multimodal LLMscited by 172
- 2024MLLM can see? Dynamic Correction Decoding for Hallucination Mitigationcited by 87
- 2024MoVA: Adapting Mixture of Vision Experts to Multimodal Contextcited by 82
- 2024Mind's Eye of LLMs: Visualization-of-Thought Elicits Spatial Reasoning in Large Language Modelscited by 65
- 2025PhysReason: A Comprehensive Benchmark towards Physics-Based Reasoningcited by 58
- 2020Predicting Goal-directed Human Attention Using Inverse Reinforcement Learningcited by 53
- 2025DyFo: A Training-Free Dynamic Focus Visual Search for Enhancing LMMs in Fine-Grained Visual Understandingcited by 47
- 2024EvoChart: A Benchmark and a Self-Training Approach Towards Real-World Chart Understandingcited by 32
- 2018Finding any Waldo: zero-shot invariant and efficient visual searchcited by 28
- 2025Introducing Visual Perception Token into Multimodal Large Language Modelcited by 26
- 2024Non-myopic Generation of Language Models for Reasoning and Planningcited by 25
- 2025AutoGPS: Automated Geometry Problem Solving via Multimodal Formalization and Deductive Reasoningcited by 14
- 2025φ-Decoding: Adaptive Foresight Sampling for Balanced Inference-Time Exploration and Exploitationcited by 12
- 2024ChatGen: Automatic Text-to-Image Generation From FreeStyle Chattingcited by 11
- 2020Modeling human visual search: A combined Bayesian searcher and saliency map approach for eye movement guidance in natural scenescited by 6
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2026: 6.
6 papers.
- 2026OptiVerse: A Comprehensive Benchmark towards Optimization Problem Solvingcited by 3
- 2026MAGA: Multi-Platform Self-Fusion of GUI Agents via Structured Action Distillationcited by 3
- 2026A3-Bench: Benchmarking Memory-Driven Scientific Reasoning via Anchor and Attractor Activationcited by 1
- 2026Knowing Isn't Always Saying: When Do Spatial Encodings Reach Answers in Vision-Language Models?cited by 1
- 2026Dual-Cluster Memory Agent: Resolving Multi-Paradigm Ambiguity in Optimization Problem Solvingcited by 0
- 2026ChronoVision: Temporal Reasoning via Latent State Reconstructioncited by 0
- 2026Knowing Isn't Always Saying: When Do Spatial Encodings Reach Answers in Vision-Language Models?24 Aug 2026
- 2026ChronoVision: Temporal Reasoning via Latent State Reconstruction6 Aug 2026
- 2026MAGA: Multi-Platform Self-Fusion of GUI Agents via Structured Action Distillation31 Jul 2026
- 2026OptiVerse: A Comprehensive Benchmark towards Optimization Problem Solving23 Apr 2026
- 2026Dual-Cluster Memory Agent: Resolving Multi-Paradigm Ambiguity in Optimization Problem Solving22 Apr 2026
- 2026A3-Bench: Benchmarking Memory-Driven Scientific Reasoning via Anchor and Attractor Activation14 Jan 2026
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