EvoChart: A Benchmark and a Self-Training Approach Towards Real-World Chart Understanding
On the map: Synthetic data and self-improvement for LLMs → Self-improving MLLMs and synthetic data
Abstract (arXiv)
Chart understanding enables automated data analysis for humans, which requires models to achieve highly accurate visual comprehension. While existing Visual Language Models (VLMs) have shown progress in chart understanding, the lack of high-quality training data and comprehensive evaluation benchmarks hinders VLM chart comprehension. In this paper, we introduce EvoChart, a novel self-training method for generating synthetic chart data to enhance VLMs' capabilities in real-world chart comprehension. We also propose EvoChart-QA, a noval benchmark for measuring models' chart comprehension abilities in real-world scenarios. Specifically, EvoChart is a unique self-training data synthesis approach that simultaneously produces high-quality training corpus and a high-performance chart understanding model. EvoChart-QA consists of 650 distinct real-world charts collected from 140 different websites and 1,250 expert-curated questions that focus on chart understanding. Experimental results on various open-source and proprietary VLMs tested on EvoChart-QA demonstrate that even the best proprietary model, GPT-4o, achieves only 49.8% accuracy. Moreover, the EvoChart method significantly boosts the performance of open-source VLMs on real-world chart understanding tasks, achieving 54.2% accuracy on EvoChart-QA.
Key facts. Cited by 32 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Self-improving MLLMs and synthetic data, one of 13 directions in Synthetic data and self-improvement for LLMs. Builds on 32 of its 36 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 3 Sep 2024.
Builds on
32 of 36 references.
References · 32
- 2023Visual Instruction Tuningcited by 7,792
- 2023Improved Baselines with Visual Instruction Tuningcited by 4,362
- 2024Gemini 1.5: Unlocking multimodal understanding across millions of tokens of contextcited by 3,175
- 2023InstructBLIP: Towards General-purpose Vision-Language Models with Instruction Tuningcited by 2,855
- 2023InternVL: Scaling up Vision Foundation Models and Aligning for Generic Visual-Linguistic Taskscited by 2,534
- 2023Qwen-VL: A Versatile Vision-Language Model for Understanding, Localization, Text Reading, and Beyondcited by 2,179
- 2024Phi-3 Technical Report: A Highly Capable Language Model Locally on Your Phonecited by 1,883
- 2022ChartQA: A Benchmark for Question Answering about Charts with Visual and Logical Reasoningcited by 1,449
- 2024LLaVA-NeXT-Interleave: Tackling Multi-image, Video, and 3D in Large Multimodal Modelscited by 571
- 2023Reinforced Self-Training (ReST) for Language Modelingcited by 486
- 2018DVQA: Understanding Data Visualizations via Question Answeringcited by 338
- 2019PlotQA: Reasoning over Scientific Plotscited by 317
20 more
- 2017FigureQA: An Annotated Figure Dataset for Visual Reasoningcited by 314
- 2023SPHINX: The Joint Mixing of Weights, Tasks, and Visual Embeddings for Multi-modal Large Language Modelscited by 283
- 2024CharXiv: Charting Gaps in Realistic Chart Understanding in Multimodal LLMscited by 229
- 2021GPT3Mix: Leveraging Large-scale Language Models for Text Augmentationcited by 185
- 2023UniChart: A Universal Vision-language Pretrained Model for Chart Comprehension and Reasoningcited by 158
- 2023ChartLlama: A Multimodal LLM for Chart Understanding and Generationcited by 158
- 2022MatCha: Enhancing Visual Language Pretraining with Math Reasoning and Chart Derenderingcited by 132
- 2024ChartX & ChartVLM: A Versatile Benchmark and Foundation Model for Complicated Chart Reasoningcited by 127
- 2024ChartAssisstant: A Universal Chart Multimodal Language Model via Chart-to-Table Pre-training and Multitask Instruction Tuningcited by 79
- 2024ChartGemma: Visual Instruction-tuning for Chart Reasoning in the Wildcited by 79
- 2023Visual Chain of Thought: Bridging Logical Gaps with Multimodal Infillingscited by 68
- 2024ChartInstruct: Instruction Tuning for Chart Comprehension and Reasoningcited by 68
- 2024TinyChart: Efficient Chart Understanding with Visual Token Merging and Program-of-Thoughts Learningcited by 51
- 2023Symbol-LLM: Towards Foundational Symbol-centric Interface For Large Language Modelscited by 38
- 2024Bootstrapping LLM-based Task-Oriented Dialogue Agents via Self-Talkcited by 34
- 2019Answering Questions about Data Visualizations using Efficient Bimodal Fusioncited by 26
- 2023ChartReader: A Unified Framework for Chart Derendering and Comprehension without Heuristic Rulescited by 24
- 2024Chart-based Reasoning: Transferring Capabilities from LLMs to VLMscited by 20
- 2024Interactive Evolution: A Neural-Symbolic Self-Training Framework For Large Language Modelscited by 13
- 2023RealCQA: Scientific Chart Question Answering as a Test-bed for First-Order Logiccited by 7
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2024: 2; 2025: 12; 2026: 18.
32 papers.
Sort:
By area:
- 2024Vision-Language Models Can Self-Improve Reasoning via Reflectioncited by 66
- 2025Effective Training Data Synthesis for Improving MLLM Chart Understandingcited by 20
- 2025FinRAGBench-V: A Benchmark for Multimodal RAG with Visual Citation in the Financial Domaincited by 16
- 2025LLM/Agent-as-Data-Analyst: A Surveycited by 15
- 2025PixelCraft: A Multi-Agent System for High-Fidelity Visual Reasoning on Structured Imagescited by 11
- 2026Who&When Pro: Can LLMs Really Attribute Failures in AI Agents?cited by 11
- 2025RefChartQA: Grounding Visual Answer on Chart Images through Instruction Tuningcited by 10
- 2026ChartVerse: Scaling Chart Reasoning via Reliable Programmatic Synthesis from Scratchcited by 8
- 2025ChartAgent: A Multimodal Agent for Visually Grounded Reasoning in Complex Chart Question Answeringcited by 7
- 2026SketchVL: Policy Optimization via Fine-Grained Credit Assignment for Chart Understanding and Morecited by 7
- 2025CoFFT: Chain of Foresight-Focus Thought for Visual Language Modelscited by 6
- 2026ChartNet: A Million-Scale, High-Quality Multimodal Dataset for Robust Chart Understandingcited by 5
20 more
- 2026When Teachers Mislead: Spurious-Signal-Aware On-Policy Distillationcited by 5
- 2025Do MLLMs Really Understand the Charts?cited by 3
- 2026Chart-RL: Generalized Chart Comprehension via Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewardscited by 3
- 2024Diagram-Driven Course Questions Generationcited by 2
- 2025Chain of Functions: A Programmatic Pipeline for Fine-Grained Chart Reasoning Datacited by 2
- 2025In-Depth and In-Breadth: Pre-training Multimodal Language Models Customized for Comprehensive Chart Understandingcited by 2
- 2026ChartArena: Benchmarking Chart Parsing across Languages, Scenarios, and Formatscited by 2
- 2026Multimodal Information Fusion for Chart Understanding: A Survey of MLLMs -- Evolution, Limitations, and Cognitive Enhancementcited by 1
- 2026Generating Statistical Charts with Validation-Driven LLM Workflowscited by 1
- 2026Chart-FR1: Visual Focus-Driven Fine-Grained Reasoning on Dense Chartscited by 1
- 2026Learning More from Less: Exploiting Counterfactuals for Data-Efficient Chart Understandingcited by 1
- 2026Hierarchical Attacks for Multi-Modal Multi-Agent Reasoningcited by 1
- 2026Trace: A Taxonomy-Guided Environment for Multidomain Visual Reasoningcited by 1
- 2025SAGE: Scale-Aware Gradual Evolution for Continual Knowledge Graph Embeddingcited by 0
- 2025WISE: Weighted Iterative Society-of-Experts for Robust Multimodal Multi-Agent Debatecited by 0
- 2026Beyond Single Plots: A Benchmark for Question Answering on Multi-Chartscited by 0
- 2026ChartAct: A Benchmark for Dynamic Chart Understandingcited by 0
- 2026Disentangling Visual and Factual Correctness in LVLMs' Visualization Literacycited by 0
- 2026MatPhaseBench: A Semantics-Guided Benchmark for Materials Phase Diagrams Understandingcited by 0
- 2026Where-OPD: Spatially Guided On-Policy Self-Distillation of MLLMs with Synthetic Scenescited by 0
- 2026Where-OPD: Spatially Guided On-Policy Self-Distillation of MLLMs with Synthetic Scenes1 Oct 2026
- 2026When Teachers Mislead: Spurious-Signal-Aware On-Policy Distillation4 Aug 2026
- 2026Trace: A Taxonomy-Guided Environment for Multidomain Visual Reasoning22 Jul 2026
- 2026Who&When Pro: Can LLMs Really Attribute Failures in AI Agents?10 Jul 2026
- 2026MatPhaseBench: A Semantics-Guided Benchmark for Materials Phase Diagrams Understanding3 Jul 2026
- 2026Disentangling Visual and Factual Correctness in LVLMs' Visualization Literacy2 Jun 2026
- 2026ChartArena: Benchmarking Chart Parsing across Languages, Scenarios, and Formats31 May 2026
- 2026ChartAct: A Benchmark for Dynamic Chart Understanding26 May 2026
- 2026Hierarchical Attacks for Multi-Modal Multi-Agent Reasoning13 May 2026
- 2026Learning More from Less: Exploiting Counterfactuals for Data-Efficient Chart Understanding11 May 2026
- 2026Chart-FR1: Visual Focus-Driven Fine-Grained Reasoning on Dense Charts3 May 2026
- 2026Generating Statistical Charts with Validation-Driven LLM Workflows1 May 2026
20 more
- 2026Beyond Single Plots: A Benchmark for Question Answering on Multi-Charts23 Apr 2026
- 2026ChartNet: A Million-Scale, High-Quality Multimodal Dataset for Robust Chart Understanding28 Mar 2026
- 2026Chart-RL: Generalized Chart Comprehension via Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards7 Mar 2026
- 2026Multimodal Information Fusion for Chart Understanding: A Survey of MLLMs -- Evolution, Limitations, and Cognitive Enhancement8 Feb 2026
- 2026ChartVerse: Scaling Chart Reasoning via Reliable Programmatic Synthesis from Scratch20 Jan 2026
- 2026SketchVL: Policy Optimization via Fine-Grained Credit Assignment for Chart Understanding and More9 Jan 2026
- 2025WISE: Weighted Iterative Society-of-Experts for Robust Multimodal Multi-Agent Debate2 Dec 2025
- 2025ChartAgent: A Multimodal Agent for Visually Grounded Reasoning in Complex Chart Question Answering6 Oct 2025
- 2025PixelCraft: A Multi-Agent System for High-Fidelity Visual Reasoning on Structured Images29 Sep 2025
- 2025LLM/Agent-as-Data-Analyst: A Survey28 Sep 2025
- 2025CoFFT: Chain of Foresight-Focus Thought for Visual Language Models26 Sep 2025
- 2025Do MLLMs Really Understand the Charts?27 Aug 2025
- 2025SAGE: Scale-Aware Gradual Evolution for Continual Knowledge Graph Embedding15 Aug 2025
- 2025Effective Training Data Synthesis for Improving MLLM Chart Understanding8 Aug 2025
- 2025In-Depth and In-Breadth: Pre-training Multimodal Language Models Customized for Comprehensive Chart Understanding18 Jul 2025
- 2025FinRAGBench-V: A Benchmark for Multimodal RAG with Visual Citation in the Financial Domain23 May 2025
- 2025RefChartQA: Grounding Visual Answer on Chart Images through Instruction Tuning29 Mar 2025
- 2025Chain of Functions: A Programmatic Pipeline for Fine-Grained Chart Reasoning Data20 Mar 2025
- 2024Diagram-Driven Course Questions Generation26 Nov 2024
- 2024Vision-Language Models Can Self-Improve Reasoning via Reflection30 Oct 2024
- 2024Vision-Language Models Can Self-Improve Reasoning via Reflectioncited by 66
- 2025PixelCraft: A Multi-Agent System for High-Fidelity Visual Reasoning on Structured Imagescited by 11
- 2026ChartVerse: Scaling Chart Reasoning via Reliable Programmatic Synthesis from Scratchcited by 8
- 2025ChartAgent: A Multimodal Agent for Visually Grounded Reasoning in Complex Chart Question Answeringcited by 7
- 2026SketchVL: Policy Optimization via Fine-Grained Credit Assignment for Chart Understanding and Morecited by 7
- 2025CoFFT: Chain of Foresight-Focus Thought for Visual Language Modelscited by 6
- 2025Do MLLMs Really Understand the Charts?cited by 3
- 2025Chain of Functions: A Programmatic Pipeline for Fine-Grained Chart Reasoning Datacited by 2
- 2026Chart-FR1: Visual Focus-Driven Fine-Grained Reasoning on Dense Chartscited by 1
- 2026Trace: A Taxonomy-Guided Environment for Multidomain Visual Reasoningcited by 1
- 2026Trace: A Taxonomy-Guided Environment for Multidomain Visual Reasoning22 Jul 2026
- 2026Chart-FR1: Visual Focus-Driven Fine-Grained Reasoning on Dense Charts3 May 2026
- 2026ChartVerse: Scaling Chart Reasoning via Reliable Programmatic Synthesis from Scratch20 Jan 2026
- 2026SketchVL: Policy Optimization via Fine-Grained Credit Assignment for Chart Understanding and More9 Jan 2026
- 2025ChartAgent: A Multimodal Agent for Visually Grounded Reasoning in Complex Chart Question Answering6 Oct 2025
- 2025PixelCraft: A Multi-Agent System for High-Fidelity Visual Reasoning on Structured Images29 Sep 2025
- 2025CoFFT: Chain of Foresight-Focus Thought for Visual Language Models26 Sep 2025
- 2025Do MLLMs Really Understand the Charts?27 Aug 2025
- 2025Chain of Functions: A Programmatic Pipeline for Fine-Grained Chart Reasoning Data20 Mar 2025
- 2024Vision-Language Models Can Self-Improve Reasoning via Reflection30 Oct 2024
- 2025RefChartQA: Grounding Visual Answer on Chart Images through Instruction Tuningcited by 10
- 2026ChartNet: A Million-Scale, High-Quality Multimodal Dataset for Robust Chart Understandingcited by 5
- 2025In-Depth and In-Breadth: Pre-training Multimodal Language Models Customized for Comprehensive Chart Understandingcited by 2
- 2026Learning More from Less: Exploiting Counterfactuals for Data-Efficient Chart Understandingcited by 1
- 2026Disentangling Visual and Factual Correctness in LVLMs' Visualization Literacycited by 0
- 2026Disentangling Visual and Factual Correctness in LVLMs' Visualization Literacy2 Jun 2026
- 2026Learning More from Less: Exploiting Counterfactuals for Data-Efficient Chart Understanding11 May 2026
- 2026ChartNet: A Million-Scale, High-Quality Multimodal Dataset for Robust Chart Understanding28 Mar 2026
- 2025In-Depth and In-Breadth: Pre-training Multimodal Language Models Customized for Comprehensive Chart Understanding18 Jul 2025
- 2025RefChartQA: Grounding Visual Answer on Chart Images through Instruction Tuning29 Mar 2025
- 2026When Teachers Mislead: Spurious-Signal-Aware On-Policy Distillationcited by 5
- 2026Chart-RL: Generalized Chart Comprehension via Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewardscited by 3
- 2024Diagram-Driven Course Questions Generationcited by 2
- 2026ChartArena: Benchmarking Chart Parsing across Languages, Scenarios, and Formatscited by 2
- 2026Multimodal Information Fusion for Chart Understanding: A Survey of MLLMs -- Evolution, Limitations, and Cognitive Enhancementcited by 1
- 2026Generating Statistical Charts with Validation-Driven LLM Workflowscited by 1
- 2026Hierarchical Attacks for Multi-Modal Multi-Agent Reasoningcited by 1
- 2025SAGE: Scale-Aware Gradual Evolution for Continual Knowledge Graph Embeddingcited by 0
- 2026Beyond Single Plots: A Benchmark for Question Answering on Multi-Chartscited by 0
- 2026ChartAct: A Benchmark for Dynamic Chart Understandingcited by 0
- 2026MatPhaseBench: A Semantics-Guided Benchmark for Materials Phase Diagrams Understandingcited by 0
- 2026Where-OPD: Spatially Guided On-Policy Self-Distillation of MLLMs with Synthetic Scenescited by 0
- 2026Where-OPD: Spatially Guided On-Policy Self-Distillation of MLLMs with Synthetic Scenes1 Oct 2026
- 2026When Teachers Mislead: Spurious-Signal-Aware On-Policy Distillation4 Aug 2026
- 2026MatPhaseBench: A Semantics-Guided Benchmark for Materials Phase Diagrams Understanding3 Jul 2026
- 2026ChartArena: Benchmarking Chart Parsing across Languages, Scenarios, and Formats31 May 2026
- 2026ChartAct: A Benchmark for Dynamic Chart Understanding26 May 2026
- 2026Hierarchical Attacks for Multi-Modal Multi-Agent Reasoning13 May 2026
- 2026Generating Statistical Charts with Validation-Driven LLM Workflows1 May 2026
- 2026Beyond Single Plots: A Benchmark for Question Answering on Multi-Charts23 Apr 2026
- 2026Chart-RL: Generalized Chart Comprehension via Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards7 Mar 2026
- 2026Multimodal Information Fusion for Chart Understanding: A Survey of MLLMs -- Evolution, Limitations, and Cognitive Enhancement8 Feb 2026
- 2025SAGE: Scale-Aware Gradual Evolution for Continual Knowledge Graph Embedding15 Aug 2025
- 2024Diagram-Driven Course Questions Generation26 Nov 2024
Similar, not cited
Close in wording, no citation either way
- 2024On Pre-training of Multimodal Language Models Customized for Chart Understanding
- 2023ChartBench: A Benchmark for Complex Visual Reasoning in Charts
- 2025EncQA: Benchmarking Vision-Language Models on Visual Encodings for Charts
- 2025Probing the Visualization Literacy of Vision Language Models: the Good, the Bad, and the Ugly
- 2024Are Large Vision Language Models up to the Challenge of Chart Comprehension and Reasoning? An Extensive Investigation into the Capabilities and Limitations of LVLMs
- 2025ChartM3: A Multi-Stage Code-Driven Pipeline for Constructing Multi-Dimensional and Multi-Step Visual Reasoning Data in Chart Comprehension
- 2024Unraveling the Truth: Do VLMs really Understand Charts? A Deep Dive into Consistency and Robustness
- 2024AskChart: Universal Chart Understanding through Textual Enhancement