mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

MARS2 2025 Challenge on Multimodal Reasoning: Datasets, Methods, Results, Discussion, and Outlook

arXiv 2509.14142 ↗First posted 17 Sep 2025cs.CVcited by 1

On the map: LLM reasoning → Multimodal reasoning

Abstract (arXiv)

This paper reviews the MARS2 2025 Challenge on Multimodal Reasoning. We aim to bring together different approaches in multimodal machine learning and LLMs via a large benchmark. We hope it better allows researchers to follow the state-of-the-art in this very dynamic area. Meanwhile, a growing number of testbeds have boosted the evolution of general-purpose large language models. Thus, this year's MARS2 focuses on real-world and specialized scenarios to broaden the multimodal reasoning applications of MLLMs. Our organizing team released two tailored datasets Lens and AdsQA as test sets, which support general reasoning in 12 daily scenarios and domain-specific reasoning in advertisement videos, respectively. We evaluated 40+ baselines that include both generalist MLLMs and task-specific models, and opened up three competition tracks, i.e., Visual Grounding in Real-world Scenarios (VG-RS), Visual Question Answering with Spatial Awareness (VQA-SA), and Visual Reasoning in Creative Advertisement Videos (VR-Ads). Finally, 76 teams from the renowned academic and industrial institutions have registered and 40+ valid submissions (out of 1200+) have been included in our ranking lists. Our datasets, code sets (40+ baselines and 15+ participants' methods), and rankings are publicly available on the MARS2 workshop website and our GitHub organization page https://github.com/mars2workshop/, where our updates and announcements of upcoming events will be continuously provided.

Key facts. Cited by 1 paper in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Multimodal reasoning, one of 17 directions in LLM reasoning. Builds on 71 of its 170 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 17 Sep 2025.

Builds on

71 of 170 references.

Closest ancestors · 17

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2025GLM-4.5V and GLM-4.1V-Thinking: Towards Versatile Multimodal Reasoning with Scalable Reinforcement Learning1 Jul
  2. 2025Rex-Thinker: Grounded Object Referring via Chain-of-Thought Reasoning4 Jun
  3. 2025MiMo-VL Technical Report4 Jun
  4. 2025SRPO: Enhancing Multimodal LLM Reasoning via Reflection-Aware Reinforcement Learning2 Jun
  5. 2025Video-Holmes: Can MLLM Think Like Holmes for Complex Video Reasoning?27 May
  6. 2025MME-Reasoning: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Logical Reasoning in MLLMs27 May
  7. 2025LENS: Multi-level Evaluation of Multimodal Reasoning with Large Language Models21 May
  8. 2025DeepEyes: Incentivizing "Thinking with Images" via Reinforcement Learning20 May
  9. 2025VL-Rethinker: Incentivizing Self-Reflection of Vision-Language Models with Reinforcement Learning10 Apr
  10. 2025VLM-R1: A Stable and Generalizable R1-style Large Vision-Language Model10 Apr
  11. 2025On Data Synthesis and Post-training for Visual Abstract Reasoning2 Apr
  12. 2025VisualPRM: An Effective Process Reward Model for Multimodal Reasoning13 Mar
5 more
  1. 2025Visual-RFT: Visual Reinforcement Fine-Tuning3 Mar
  2. 2024LLaVA-CoT: Let Vision Language Models Reason Step-by-Step15 Nov
  3. 2023KAFA: Rethinking Image Ad Understanding with Knowledge-Augmented Feature Adaptation of Vision-Language Models28 May
  4. 2023MM-REACT: Prompting ChatGPT for Multimodal Reasoning and Action20 Mar
  5. 2023Multimodal Chain-of-Thought Reasoning in Language Models2 Feb

Other references · 54

  1. 2020An Image is Worth 16x16 Words: Transformers for Image Recognition at Scalecited by 30,186
  2. 2023GPT-4 Technical Reportcited by 18,396
  3. 2024DeepSeekMath: Pushing the Limits of Mathematical Reasoning in Open Language Modelscited by 9,379
  4. 2025DeepSeek-R1: Incentivizing Reasoning Capability in LLMs via Reinforcement Learningcited by 6,330
  5. 2025Qwen2.5-VL Technical Reportcited by 5,587
  6. 2022Robust Speech Recognition via Large-Scale Weak Supervisioncited by 4,057
  7. 2025Gemini 2.5: Pushing the Frontier with Advanced Reasoning, Multimodality, Long Context, and Next Generation Agentic Capabilitiescited by 3,796
  8. 2023Qwen Technical Reportcited by 3,344
  9. 2024Gemini 1.5: Unlocking multimodal understanding across millions of tokens of contextcited by 3,224
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  11. 2024LLaVA-OneVision: Easy Visual Task Transfercited by 2,719
  12. 2023MiniGPT-4: Enhancing Vision-Language Understanding with Advanced Large Language Modelscited by 2,711
38 more
  1. 2024HybridFlow: A Flexible and Efficient RLHF Frameworkcited by 2,057
  2. 2025InternVL3: Exploring Advanced Training and Test-Time Recipes for Open-Source Multimodal Modelscited by 1,834
  3. 2025Gemma 3 Technical Reportcited by 1,824
  4. 2019LXMERT: Learning Cross-Modality Encoder Representations from Transformerscited by 1,553
  5. 2022DINO: DETR with Improved DeNoising Anchor Boxes for End-to-End Object Detectioncited by 1,319
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  10. 2023Kosmos-2: Grounding Multimodal Large Language Models to the Worldcited by 1,089
  11. 2025Does Reinforcement Learning Really Incentivize Reasoning Capacity in LLMs Beyond the Base Model?cited by 982
  12. 2019VL-BERT: Pre-training of Generic Visual-Linguistic Representationscited by 954
  13. 2023Shikra: Unleashing Multimodal LLM's Referential Dialogue Magiccited by 906
  14. 2025Qwen2.5-Omni Technical Reportcited by 736
  15. 2024SpatialVLM: Endowing Vision-Language Models with Spatial Reasoning Capabilitiescited by 706
  16. 2023The Dawn of LMMs: Preliminary Explorations with GPT-4V(ision)cited by 681
  17. 2024LLaVA-Video: Video Instruction Tuning With Synthetic Datacited by 583
  18. 2024DeepSeek-VL2: Mixture-of-Experts Vision-Language Models for Advanced Multimodal Understandingcited by 572
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  20. 2018TVQA: Localized, Compositional Video Question Answeringcited by 467
  21. 2025Seed1.5-VL Technical Reportcited by 373
  22. 2024STAR: A Benchmark for Situated Reasoning in Real-World Videoscited by 213
  23. 2024Ovis: Structural Embedding Alignment for Multimodal Large Language Modelcited by 169
  24. 2024Accessing GPT-4 level Mathematical Olympiad Solutions via Monte Carlo Tree Self-refine with LLaMa-3 8Bcited by 158
  25. 20243DSRBench: A Comprehensive 3D Spatial Reasoning Benchmarkcited by 139
  26. 2025ViewSpatial-Bench: Evaluating Multi-perspective Spatial Localization in Vision-Language Modelscited by 118
  27. 2024GroundingGPT:Language Enhanced Multi-modal Grounding Modelcited by 101
  28. 2024Ferret-v2: An Improved Baseline for Referring and Grounding with Large Language Modelscited by 97
  29. 2020Scene Graph Reasoning for Visual Question Answeringcited by 50
  30. 2024An Empirical Analysis on Spatial Reasoning Capabilities of Large Multimodal Modelscited by 50
  31. 2025Emergent Abilities in Large Language Models: A Surveycited by 37
  32. 2024Contrastive Localized Language-Image Pre-Trainingcited by 33
  33. 2024OV-DINO: Unified Open-Vocabulary Detection with Language-Aware Selective Fusioncited by 28
  34. 2025Can Multimodal Large Language Models Understand Spatial Relations?cited by 20
  35. 2024Synchronized Video Storytelling: Generating Video Narrations with Structured Storylinecited by 19
  36. 2025Towards Visual Text Grounding of Multimodal Large Language Modelcited by 18
  37. 2025Visual Position Prompt for MLLM based Visual Groundingcited by 16
  38. 2025LLaVA-c: Continual Improved Visual Instruction Tuningcited by 14

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Citing papers per year: 2025: 1.

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  1. 2026MMR-Life: Piecing Together Real-life Scenes for Multimodal Multi-image Reasoning
  2. 2025Evaluating MLLMs with Multimodal Multi-image Reasoning Benchmark
  3. 2025Can MLLMs Reason in Multimodality? EMMA: An Enhanced MultiModal ReAsoning Benchmark
  4. 2026ICDAR2026 Competition on Multimodal Reasoning over Documents in Multiple Domains
  5. 2025ImageNet-Think-250K: A Large-Scale Synthetic Dataset for Multimodal Reasoning for Vision Language Models
  6. 2025MDK12-Bench: A Multi-Discipline Benchmark for Evaluating Reasoning in Multimodal Large Language Models
  7. 2024Plug-and-Play Grounding of Reasoning in Multimodal Large Language Models
  8. 2023Enhancing Human-like Multi-Modal Reasoning: A New Challenging Dataset and Comprehensive Framework