Plug-and-Play Grounding of Reasoning in Multimodal Large Language Models
On the map: LLM reasoning → Multimodal reasoning
Abstract (arXiv)
The rise of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs), renowned for their advanced instruction-following and reasoning capabilities, has significantly propelled the field of visual reasoning. However, due to limitations in their image tokenization processes, most MLLMs struggle to capture fine details of text and objects in images, especially in high-resolution samples. To overcome this limitation, we introduce P2G, a novel framework for plug-and-play grounding in MLLMs. P2G utilizes the tool-usage potential of MLLMs to employ expert agents for on-the-fly grounding of reasoning into critical visual and textual elements in images, thereby enabling deliberate reasoning through multimodal prompting. Additionally, we develop P2GB, a benchmark designed to evaluate MLLMs' proficiency in understanding inter-object relationships and textual content in challenging high-resolution images. Extensive experiments on visual reasoning tasks demonstrate the superiority of P2G, achieving performance comparable to GPT-4V on P2GB with a 7B backbone. Our work underscores the potential of grounding reasoning with external agents in MLLMs, presenting a promising alternative to mere model scaling.
Key facts. Cited by 18 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Multimodal reasoning, one of 17 directions in LLM reasoning. Builds on 41 of its 48 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 28 Mar 2024.
Builds on
41 of 48 references.
Closest ancestors · 3
Same direction, newest first
- 2024ConTextual: Evaluating Context-Sensitive Text-Rich Visual Reasoning in Large Multimodal Models24 Jan
- 2023LLaMA-Adapter V2: Parameter-Efficient Visual Instruction Model28 Apr
- 2022ChartQA: A Benchmark for Question Answering about Charts with Visual and Logical Reasoning19 Mar
Other references · 38
- 2020Language Models are Few-Shot Learnerscited by 32,199
- 2020An Image is Worth 16x16 Words: Transformers for Image Recognition at Scalecited by 29,915
- 2023GPT-4 Technical Reportcited by 18,132
- 2022Training language models to follow instructions with human feedbackcited by 15,712
- 2023LLaMA: Open and Efficient Foundation Language Modelscited by 13,958
- 2023Llama 2: Open Foundation and Fine-Tuned Chat Modelscited by 12,865
- 2023Judging LLM-as-a-Judge with MT-Bench and Chatbot Arenacited by 8,393
- 2023Visual Instruction Tuningcited by 7,792
- 2023BLIP-2: Bootstrapping Language-Image Pre-training with Frozen Image Encoders and Large Language Modelscited by 6,069
- 2022Self-Consistency Improves Chain of Thought Reasoning in Language Modelscited by 5,601
- 2023Improved Baselines with Visual Instruction Tuningcited by 4,362
- 2022Flamingo: a Visual Language Model for Few-Shot Learningcited by 4,337
26 more
- 2023Grounding DINO: Marrying DINO with Grounded Pre-Training for Open-Set Object Detectioncited by 3,274
- 2023InstructBLIP: Towards General-purpose Vision-Language Models with Instruction Tuningcited by 2,855
- 2023MiniGPT-4: Enhancing Vision-Language Understanding with Advanced Large Language Modelscited by 2,689
- 2023Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Large Language Models: A Surveycited by 2,185
- 2020DocVQA: A Dataset for VQA on Document Imagescited by 1,288
- 2023MM-Vet: Evaluating Large Multimodal Models for Integrated Capabilitiescited by 1,221
- 2023HuggingGPT: Solving AI Tasks with ChatGPT and its Friends in Hugging Facecited by 1,173
- 2023Kosmos-2: Grounding Multimodal Large Language Models to the Worldcited by 1,075
- 2023mPLUG-Owl: Modularization Empowers Large Language Models with Multimodalitycited by 1,038
- 2023SEED-Bench: Benchmarking Multimodal LLMs with Generative Comprehensioncited by 929
- 2023The Flan Collection: Designing Data and Methods for Effective Instruction Tuningcited by 734
- 2024DeepSeek-VL: Towards Real-World Vision-Language Understandingcited by 718
- 2023CogVLM: Visual Expert for Pretrained Language Modelscited by 704
- 2023NExT-GPT: Any-to-Any Multimodal LLMcited by 610
- 2023Language Is Not All You Need: Aligning Perception with Language Modelscited by 543
- 2023V*: Guided Visual Search as a Core Mechanism in Multimodal LLMscited by 459
- 2023EVA-02: A Visual Representation for Neon Genesiscited by 377
- 2023Orca: Progressive Learning from Complex Explanation Traces of GPT-4cited by 369
- 2024A Survey on Hallucination in Large Vision-Language Modelscited by 352
- 2023ToolQA: A Dataset for LLM Question Answering with External Toolscited by 273
- 2023LLaVAR: Enhanced Visual Instruction Tuning for Text-Rich Image Understandingcited by 272
- 2023TaskMatrix.AI: Completing Tasks by Connecting Foundation Models with Millions of APIscited by 184
- 2023BLIVA: A Simple Multimodal LLM for Better Handling of Text-Rich Visual Questionscited by 125
- 2024Multimodal Instruction Tuning with Conditional Mixture of LoRAcited by 36
- 2023Towards Improving Document Understanding: An Exploration on Text-Grounding via MLLMscited by 25
- 2023What Large Language Models Bring to Text-rich VQA?cited by 10
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2024: 6; 2025: 7; 2026: 5.
18 papers.
Sort:
By area:
- 2024Efficient Multimodal Large Language Models: A Surveycited by 95
- 2024A Survey on Benchmarks of Multimodal Large Language Modelscited by 81
- 2024Visual Agents as Fast and Slow Thinkerscited by 53
- 2025VisRL: Intention-Driven Visual Perception via Reinforced Reasoningcited by 39
- 2024A Survey on Multimodal Benchmarks: In the Era of Large AI Modelscited by 27
- 2025Explain Before You Answer: A Survey on Compositional Visual Reasoningcited by 26
- 2024SV-RAG: LoRA-Contextualizing Adaptation of MLLMs for Long Document Understandingcited by 25
- 2025Towards Visual Text Grounding of Multimodal Large Language Modelcited by 18
- 2024Describe-then-Reason: Improving Multimodal Mathematical Reasoning through Visual Comprehension Trainingcited by 17
- 2026On the Generalization Capacities of MLLMs for Spatial Intelligencecited by 7
- 2025Task-Core Memory Management and Consolidation for Long-term Continual Learningcited by 4
- 2025On Data Synthesis and Post-training for Visual Abstract Reasoningcited by 3
6 more
- 2025SNS-Bench-VL: Benchmarking Multimodal Large Language Models in Social Networking Servicescited by 2
- 2026Uncovering Understanding-Generation Synergy in Native Unified Multimodal Models: From Representation, Task to Systemcited by 2
- 2025From Perception to Reasoning: Deep Thinking Empowers Multimodal Large Language Modelscited by 1
- 2026Automated Re-Identification of Holstein-Friesian Cattle in Dense Crowdscited by 0
- 2026Detect in Any Scene: An Agentic Framework for Object Detection with Experience-Aware Reasoningcited by 0
- 2026From Structure to Synergy: A Survey of Vision-Language Perception Paradigm Evolution in Multimodal Large Language Modelscited by 0
- 2026Uncovering Understanding-Generation Synergy in Native Unified Multimodal Models: From Representation, Task to System1 Sep 2026
- 2026From Structure to Synergy: A Survey of Vision-Language Perception Paradigm Evolution in Multimodal Large Language Models24 Jun 2026
- 2026Detect in Any Scene: An Agentic Framework for Object Detection with Experience-Aware Reasoning29 May 2026
- 2026On the Generalization Capacities of MLLMs for Spatial Intelligence5 Mar 2026
- 2026Automated Re-Identification of Holstein-Friesian Cattle in Dense Crowds17 Feb 2026
- 2025From Perception to Reasoning: Deep Thinking Empowers Multimodal Large Language Models17 Nov 2025
- 2025Explain Before You Answer: A Survey on Compositional Visual Reasoning24 Aug 2025
- 2025SNS-Bench-VL: Benchmarking Multimodal Large Language Models in Social Networking Services29 May 2025
- 2025Task-Core Memory Management and Consolidation for Long-term Continual Learning15 May 2025
- 2025Towards Visual Text Grounding of Multimodal Large Language Model7 Apr 2025
- 2025On Data Synthesis and Post-training for Visual Abstract Reasoning2 Apr 2025
- 2025VisRL: Intention-Driven Visual Perception via Reinforced Reasoning10 Mar 2025
6 more
- 2024SV-RAG: LoRA-Contextualizing Adaptation of MLLMs for Long Document Understanding2 Nov 2024
- 2024A Survey on Multimodal Benchmarks: In the Era of Large AI Models21 Sep 2024
- 2024Visual Agents as Fast and Slow Thinkers16 Aug 2024
- 2024A Survey on Benchmarks of Multimodal Large Language Models16 Aug 2024
- 2024Efficient Multimodal Large Language Models: A Survey17 May 2024
- 2024Describe-then-Reason: Improving Multimodal Mathematical Reasoning through Visual Comprehension Training22 Apr 2024
- 2024Efficient Multimodal Large Language Models: A Surveycited by 95
- 2024A Survey on Benchmarks of Multimodal Large Language Modelscited by 81
- 2024A Survey on Multimodal Benchmarks: In the Era of Large AI Modelscited by 27
- 2024SV-RAG: LoRA-Contextualizing Adaptation of MLLMs for Long Document Understandingcited by 25
- 2025Towards Visual Text Grounding of Multimodal Large Language Modelcited by 18
- 2026On the Generalization Capacities of MLLMs for Spatial Intelligencecited by 7
- 2025SNS-Bench-VL: Benchmarking Multimodal Large Language Models in Social Networking Servicescited by 2
- 2026From Structure to Synergy: A Survey of Vision-Language Perception Paradigm Evolution in Multimodal Large Language Modelscited by 0
- 2026From Structure to Synergy: A Survey of Vision-Language Perception Paradigm Evolution in Multimodal Large Language Models24 Jun 2026
- 2026On the Generalization Capacities of MLLMs for Spatial Intelligence5 Mar 2026
- 2025SNS-Bench-VL: Benchmarking Multimodal Large Language Models in Social Networking Services29 May 2025
- 2025Towards Visual Text Grounding of Multimodal Large Language Model7 Apr 2025
- 2024SV-RAG: LoRA-Contextualizing Adaptation of MLLMs for Long Document Understanding2 Nov 2024
- 2024A Survey on Multimodal Benchmarks: In the Era of Large AI Models21 Sep 2024
- 2024A Survey on Benchmarks of Multimodal Large Language Models16 Aug 2024
- 2024Efficient Multimodal Large Language Models: A Survey17 May 2024
- 2024Visual Agents as Fast and Slow Thinkerscited by 53
- 2025VisRL: Intention-Driven Visual Perception via Reinforced Reasoningcited by 39
- 2025Explain Before You Answer: A Survey on Compositional Visual Reasoningcited by 26
- 2024Describe-then-Reason: Improving Multimodal Mathematical Reasoning through Visual Comprehension Trainingcited by 17
- 2025On Data Synthesis and Post-training for Visual Abstract Reasoningcited by 3
- 2025From Perception to Reasoning: Deep Thinking Empowers Multimodal Large Language Modelscited by 1
- 2026Detect in Any Scene: An Agentic Framework for Object Detection with Experience-Aware Reasoningcited by 0
- 2026Detect in Any Scene: An Agentic Framework for Object Detection with Experience-Aware Reasoning29 May 2026
- 2025From Perception to Reasoning: Deep Thinking Empowers Multimodal Large Language Models17 Nov 2025
- 2025Explain Before You Answer: A Survey on Compositional Visual Reasoning24 Aug 2025
- 2025On Data Synthesis and Post-training for Visual Abstract Reasoning2 Apr 2025
- 2025VisRL: Intention-Driven Visual Perception via Reinforced Reasoning10 Mar 2025
- 2024Visual Agents as Fast and Slow Thinkers16 Aug 2024
- 2024Describe-then-Reason: Improving Multimodal Mathematical Reasoning through Visual Comprehension Training22 Apr 2024
- 2025Task-Core Memory Management and Consolidation for Long-term Continual Learningcited by 4
- 2026Uncovering Understanding-Generation Synergy in Native Unified Multimodal Models: From Representation, Task to Systemcited by 2
- 2026Automated Re-Identification of Holstein-Friesian Cattle in Dense Crowdscited by 0
- 2026Uncovering Understanding-Generation Synergy in Native Unified Multimodal Models: From Representation, Task to System1 Sep 2026
- 2026Automated Re-Identification of Holstein-Friesian Cattle in Dense Crowds17 Feb 2026
- 2025Task-Core Memory Management and Consolidation for Long-term Continual Learning15 May 2025
Similar, not cited
Close in wording, no citation either way
- 2026When Prompts Become Pixels: Prompt-Region Grounding for Multimodal Reasoning
- 2025PostAlign: Multimodal Grounding as a Corrective Lens for MLLMs
- 2025LENS: Multi-level Evaluation of Multimodal Reasoning with Large Language Models
- 2025VGR: Visual Grounded Reasoning
- 2025VisualQuest: A Benchmark for Abstract Visual Reasoning in MLLMs
- 2026GeM-VG: Towards Generalized Multi-image Visual Grounding with Multimodal Large Language Models
- 2025Connecting the Dots: Training-Free Visual Grounding via Agentic Reasoning
- 2025Revisiting Visual Understanding in Multimodal Reasoning through a Lens of Image Perturbation