DarkStream: real-time speech anonymization with low latency
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Abstract (arXiv)
We propose DarkStream, a streaming speech synthesis model for real-time speaker anonymization. To improve content encoding under strict latency constraints, DarkStream combines a causal waveform encoder, a short lookahead buffer, and transformer-based contextual layers. To further reduce inference time, the model generates waveforms directly via a neural vocoder, thus removing intermediate mel-spectrogram conversions. Finally, DarkStream anonymizes speaker identity by injecting a GAN-generated pseudo-speaker embedding into linguistic features from the content encoder. Evaluations show our model achieves strong anonymization, yielding close to 50% speaker verification EER (near-chance performance) on the lazy-informed attack scenario, while maintaining acceptable linguistic intelligibility (WER within 9%). By balancing low-latency, robust privacy, and minimal intelligibility degradation, DarkStream provides a practical solution for privacy-preserving real-time speech communication.
Key facts. Cited by 7 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 20 of its 24 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 4 Sep 2025.
Builds on
20 of 24 references.
References · 20
- 2022A ConvNet for the 2020scited by 3,579
- 2017FiLM: Visual Reasoning with a General Conditioning Layercited by 2,333
- 2017Arbitrary Style Transfer in Real-time with Adaptive Instance Normalizationcited by 2,010
- 2019Common Voice: A Massively-Multilingual Speech Corpuscited by 1,384
- 2020HiFi-GAN: Generative Adversarial Networks for Efficient and High Fidelity Speech Synthesiscited by 1,154
- 2023High-Fidelity Audio Compression with Improved RVQGANcited by 431
- 2021SpeechBrain: A General-Purpose Speech Toolkitcited by 406
- 2018Hierarchical Generative Modeling for Controllable Speech Synthesiscited by 93
- 2020Introducing the VoicePrivacy Initiativecited by 49
- 2024Fish-Speech: Leveraging Large Language Models for Advanced Multilingual Text-to-Speech Synthesiscited by 48
- 2024The VoicePrivacy 2024 Challenge Evaluation Plancited by 41
- 2020Speaker anonymisation using the McAdams coefficientcited by 38
8 more
- 2020Design Choices for X-vector Based Speaker Anonymizationcited by 27
- 2022Anonymizing Speech with Generative Adversarial Networks to Preserve Speaker Privacycited by 21
- 2023Speaker anonymization using orthogonal Householder neural networkcited by 18
- 2022Improving speaker de-identification with functional data analysis of f0 trajectoriescited by 12
- 2022Are disentangled representations all you need to build speaker anonymization systems?cited by 10
- 2024End-to-end streaming model for low-latency speech anonymizationcited by 9
- 2022VoiceMe: Personalized voice generation in TTScited by 6
- 2024Distinctive and Natural Speaker Anonymization via Singular Value Transformation-assisted Matrixcited by 6
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2026: 7.
7 papers.
- 2026Stream-Voice-Anon: Enhancing Utility of Real-Time Speaker Anonymization via Neural Audio Codec and Language Modelscited by 7
- 2026TVTSyn: Content-Synchronous Time-Varying Timbre for Streaming Voice Conversion and Anonymizationcited by 5
- 2026StreamVoiceAnon+: Emotion-Preserving Streaming Speaker Anonymization via Frame-Level Acoustic Distillationcited by 1
- 2026Privacy-Preserving End-to-End Full-Duplex Speech Dialogue Modelscited by 1
- 2026PHONOS: PHOnetic Neutralization for Online Streaming Applicationscited by 1
- 2026VOSSA: Voiceprint Optimization for Streaming Speech Architecturescited by 0
- 2026LiveAnon: Improving Privacy and Utility in Streaming Speaker Anonymization with Codec Language Modelscited by 0
- 2026LiveAnon: Improving Privacy and Utility in Streaming Speaker Anonymization with Codec Language Models11 Oct 2026
- 2026VOSSA: Voiceprint Optimization for Streaming Speech Architectures30 Sep 2026
- 2026PHONOS: PHOnetic Neutralization for Online Streaming Applications27 Mar 2026
- 2026Privacy-Preserving End-to-End Full-Duplex Speech Dialogue Models9 Mar 2026
- 2026StreamVoiceAnon+: Emotion-Preserving Streaming Speaker Anonymization via Frame-Level Acoustic Distillation6 Mar 2026
- 2026TVTSyn: Content-Synchronous Time-Varying Timbre for Streaming Voice Conversion and Anonymization10 Feb 2026
- 2026Stream-Voice-Anon: Enhancing Utility of Real-Time Speaker Anonymization via Neural Audio Codec and Language Models20 Jan 2026