mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Steerable Pluralism: Pluralistic Alignment via Few-Shot Comparative Regression

arXiv 2508.08509 ↗First posted 11 Aug 2025cs.CL cs.AIcited by 7

On the map: LLM alignment / RLHF / preference optimisation → Human values and AI feedback alignment

Abstract (arXiv)

Large language models (LLMs) are currently aligned using techniques such as reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF). However, these methods use scalar rewards that can only reflect user preferences on average. Pluralistic alignment instead seeks to capture diverse user preferences across a set of attributes, moving beyond just helpfulness and harmlessness. Toward this end, we propose a steerable pluralistic model based on few-shot comparative regression that can adapt to individual user preferences. Our approach leverages in-context learning and reasoning, grounded in a set of fine-grained attributes, to compare response options and make aligned choices. To evaluate our algorithm, we also propose two new steerable pluralistic benchmarks by adapting the Moral Integrity Corpus (MIC) and the HelpSteer2 datasets, demonstrating the applicability of our approach to value-aligned decision-making and reward modeling, respectively. Our few-shot comparative regression approach is interpretable and compatible with different attributes and LLMs, while outperforming multiple baseline and state-of-the-art methods. Our work provides new insights and research directions in pluralistic alignment, enabling a more fair and representative use of LLMs and advancing the state-of-the-art in ethical AI.

Key facts. Cited by 7 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Human values and AI feedback alignment, one of 10 directions in LLM alignment / RLHF / preference optimisation. Builds on 23 of its 38 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 11 Aug 2025.

Builds on

23 of 38 references.

Closest ancestors · 3

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2024Modular Pluralism: Pluralistic Alignment via Multi-LLM Collaboration22 Jun
  2. 2023Personalized Soups: Personalized Large Language Model Alignment via Post-hoc Parameter Merging17 Oct
  3. 2023Prometheus: Inducing Fine-grained Evaluation Capability in Language Models12 Oct

Other references · 20

  1. 2018BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understandingcited by 40,399
  2. 2022Self-Consistency Improves Chain of Thought Reasoning in Language Modelscited by 5,708
  3. 2023Whose Opinions Do Language Models Reflect?cited by 773
  4. 2023RAFT: Reward rAnked FineTuning for Generative Foundation Model Alignmentcited by 686
  5. 2018Scalable agent alignment via reward modeling: a research directioncited by 447
  6. 2024Prometheus 2: An Open Source Language Model Specialized in Evaluating Other Language Modelscited by 446
  7. 2023Fine-Grained Human Feedback Gives Better Rewards for Language Model Trainingcited by 401
  8. 2024Interpretable Preferences via Multi-Objective Reward Modeling and Mixture-of-Expertscited by 376
  9. 2023Iterative Preference Learning from Human Feedback: Bridging Theory and Practice for RLHF under KL-Constraintcited by 350
  10. 2024Replacing Judges with Juries: Evaluating LLM Generations with a Panel of Diverse Modelscited by 326
  11. 2023AI Alignment: A Comprehensive Surveycited by 263
  12. 2023Rewarded soups: towards Pareto-optimal alignment by interpolating weights fine-tuned on diverse rewardscited by 243
8 more
  1. 2024HelpSteer2: Open-source dataset for training top-performing reward modelscited by 236
  2. 2023Generative Judge for Evaluating Alignmentcited by 169
  3. 2024Arithmetic Control of LLMs for Diverse User Preferences: Directional Preference Alignment with Multi-Objective Rewardscited by 148
  4. 2024Regularizing Hidden States Enables Learning Generalizable Reward Model for LLMscited by 142
  5. 2022The Moral Integrity Corpus: A Benchmark for Ethical Dialogue Systemscited by 93
  6. 2024CULTURE-GEN: Revealing Global Cultural Perception in Language Models through Natural Language Promptingcited by 55
  7. 2024Hate Personified: Investigating the role of LLMs in content moderationcited by 25
  8. 2024How Well Do LLMs Identify Cultural Unity in Diversity?cited by 8

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2025: 1; 2026: 6.

7 papers.

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2024A Roadmap to Pluralistic Alignment
  2. 2025Exploring Chain-of-Thought Reasoning for Steerable Pluralistic Alignment
  3. 2024Few-shot Steerable Alignment: Adapting Rewards and LLM Policies with Neural Processes
  4. 2026VISPA: Pluralistic Alignment via Automatic Value Selection and Activation
  5. 2025Operationalizing Pluralistic Values in Large Language Model Alignment Reveals Trade-offs in Safety, Inclusivity, and Model Behavior
  6. 2025Pairwise Calibrated Rewards for Pluralistic Alignment
  7. 2026Jailbreaking Large Language Models with Morality Attacks
  8. 2024PAL: Pluralistic Alignment Framework for Learning from Heterogeneous Preferences