Conditional Latent Diffusion Models for Zero-Shot Instance Segmentation
On the map: Diffusion models → Medical imaging and segmentation
Abstract (arXiv)
This paper presents OC-DiT, a novel class of diffusion models designed for object-centric prediction, and applies it to zero-shot instance segmentation. We propose a conditional latent diffusion framework that generates instance masks by conditioning the generative process on object templates and image features within the diffusion model's latent space. This allows our model to effectively disentangle object instances through the diffusion process, which is guided by visual object descriptors and localized image cues. Specifically, we introduce two model variants: a coarse model for generating initial object instance proposals, and a refinement model that refines all proposals in parallel. We train these models on a newly created, large-scale synthetic dataset comprising thousands of high-quality object meshes. Remarkably, our model achieves state-of-the-art performance on multiple challenging real-world benchmarks, without requiring any retraining on target data. Through comprehensive ablation studies, we demonstrate the potential of diffusion models for instance segmentation tasks.
Key facts. Cited by 4 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Medical imaging and segmentation, one of 14 directions in Diffusion models. Builds on 45 of its 51 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 6 Aug 2025.
Builds on
45 of 51 references.
Closest ancestors · 4
Same direction, newest first
- 2023DifFSS: Diffusion Model for Few-Shot Semantic Segmentation3 Jul
- 2023Ambiguous Medical Image Segmentation using Diffusion Models10 Apr
- 2021Diffusion Models for Implicit Image Segmentation Ensembles6 Dec
- 2021SegDiff: Image Segmentation with Diffusion Probabilistic Models1 Dec
Other references · 41
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- 2015Deep Unsupervised Learning using Nonequilibrium Thermodynamicscited by 7,058
- 2022Scalable Diffusion Models with Transformerscited by 6,054
29 more
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Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2026: 4.
4 papers.
- 2026Finding NeMO: A Geometry-Aware Representation of Template Views for Few-Shot Perceptioncited by 1
- 2026Unlocking Diffusion Hierarchies: Adaptive Timestep Selection for Zero-Shot Segmentationcited by 1
- 2026Exclusivity-Guided Mask Learning for Semi-Supervised Crowd Instance Segmentation and Countingcited by 0
- 2026SOS! : A Streamlined Object-Conditional Transformer for Model-free Segmentationcited by 0
- 2026SOS! : A Streamlined Object-Conditional Transformer for Model-free Segmentation15 Aug 2026
- 2026Unlocking Diffusion Hierarchies: Adaptive Timestep Selection for Zero-Shot Segmentation14 Jun 2026
- 2026Exclusivity-Guided Mask Learning for Semi-Supervised Crowd Instance Segmentation and Counting17 Mar 2026
- 2026Finding NeMO: A Geometry-Aware Representation of Template Views for Few-Shot Perception4 Feb 2026
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