SWE-Bench-CL: Continual Learning for Coding Agents
On the map: LLM agents and tool use → Agent memory systems
Abstract (arXiv)
Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved impressive results on static code-generation benchmarks, but real-world software development unfolds as a continuous stream of evolving issues, fixes, and feature requests. We introduce SWE-Bench-CL, a novel continual learning benchmark built on the human-verified SWE-Bench Verified dataset introduced by OpenAI and Princeton-NLP in 2024. By organizing GitHub issues into chronologically ordered sequences that reflect natural repository evolution, SWE-Bench-CL enables direct evaluation of an agent's ability to accumulate experience, transfer knowledge across tasks, and resist catastrophic forgetting. We complement the dataset with (i) a preliminary analysis of inter-task structural similarity and contextual sensitivity, (ii) an interactive LangGraph-based evaluation framework augmented with a FAISS-backed semantic memory module, and (iii) a suite of specialized continual learning metrics -- including average accuracy, forgetting, forward/backward transfer, tool-use efficiency, and a generalized Composite Continual Learning Score and CL-F-beta score -- to capture the stability-plasticity trade-off. We outline a rigorous experimental protocol comparing memory-enabled and memory-disabled agents across diverse Python repositories. All code and data are publicly available at https://github.com/thomasjoshi/agents-never-forget, providing the community with a reproducible platform for developing more adaptive and robust AI agents in software engineering.
Key facts. Cited by 14 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Agent memory systems, one of 16 directions in LLM agents and tool use. Builds on 16 of its 22 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 13 Jun 2025.
Builds on
16 of 22 references.
References · 16
- 2020Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Knowledge-Intensive NLP Taskscited by 9,297
- 2021Evaluating Large Language Models Trained on Codecited by 8,320
- 2021Program Synthesis with Large Language Modelscited by 3,637
- 2023SWE-bench: Can Language Models Resolve Real-World GitHub Issues?cited by 3,373
- 2023Code Llama: Open Foundation Models for Codecited by 2,139
- 2017Gradient Episodic Memory for Continual Learningcited by 1,898
- 2024SWE-agent: Agent-Computer Interfaces Enable Automated Software Engineeringcited by 1,737
- 2018Continual Lifelong Learning with Neural Networks: A Reviewcited by 1,330
- 2022CodeGen: An Open Large Language Model for Code with Multi-Turn Program Synthesiscited by 885
- 2021CodeXGLUE: A Machine Learning Benchmark Dataset for Code Understanding and Generationcited by 744
- 2018Riemannian Walk for Incremental Learning: Understanding Forgetting and Intransigencecited by 742
- 2019CodeSearchNet Challenge: Evaluating the State of Semantic Code Searchcited by 654
4 more
- 2024Nomic Embed: Training a Reproducible Long Context Text Embeddercited by 265
- 2025Efficient Reinforcement Finetuning via Adaptive Curriculum Learningcited by 93
- 2023Emergent mechanisms for long timescales depend on training curriculum and affect performance in memory taskscited by 6
- 2025Generalization of Medical Large Language Models through Cross-Domain Weak Supervisioncited by 1
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Citing papers per year: 2025: 2; 2026: 12.
14 papers.
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- 2026SWE-CI: Evaluating Agent Capabilities in Maintaining Codebases via Continuous Integrationcited by 23
- 2026Continual Learning Bench: Evaluating Frontier AI Systems in Real-World Stateful Environmentscited by 17
- 2025MEMTRACK: Evaluating Long-Term Memory and State Tracking in Multi-Platform Dynamic Agent Environmentscited by 13
- 2026Structurally Aligned Subtask-Level Memory for Software Engineering Agentscited by 12
- 2026AgentCL: Toward Rigorous Evaluation of Continual Learning in Language Agentscited by 9
- 2025Agentic Software Issue Resolution with Large Language Models: A Surveycited by 6
- 2026Agentic AI in the Software Development Lifecycle: Architecture, Empirical Evidence, and the Reshaping of Software Engineeringcited by 6
- 2026Do Self-Evolving Agents Forget? Capability Degradation and Preservation in Lifelong LLM Agent Adaptationcited by 6
- 2026LatentGym: A Testbed For Cross-Task Experiential Learning With Controllable Latent Structurecited by 2
- 2026Is Agent Code Less Maintainable Than Human Code?cited by 2
- 2026MEGA: Self-Evolving Agent Optimization Infrastructure via Wisdom Graphcited by 1
- 2026How Do AI Coding Agents Contribute to Software Development? an Empirical Study of Agentic Pull Requestscited by 0
- 2026Learn2Play Bench: How Well Do LLM Agents Learn from Experience in Unfamiliar Environments?6 Oct 2026
- 2026MEGA: Self-Evolving Agent Optimization Infrastructure via Wisdom Graph11 Aug 2026
- 2026ExplainBench: Evaluating Code Explanations from Agents29 Jul 2026
- 2026How Do AI Coding Agents Contribute to Software Development? an Empirical Study of Agentic Pull Requests23 Jul 2026
- 2026Is Agent Code Less Maintainable Than Human Code?19 Jun 2026
- 2026LatentGym: A Testbed For Cross-Task Experiential Learning With Controllable Latent Structure13 Jun 2026
- 2026Continual Learning Bench: Evaluating Frontier AI Systems in Real-World Stateful Environments4 Jun 2026
- 2026AgentCL: Toward Rigorous Evaluation of Continual Learning in Language Agents1 Jun 2026
- 2026Do Self-Evolving Agents Forget? Capability Degradation and Preservation in Lifelong LLM Agent Adaptation10 May 2026
- 2026Agentic AI in the Software Development Lifecycle: Architecture, Empirical Evidence, and the Reshaping of Software Engineering29 Apr 2026
- 2026SWE-CI: Evaluating Agent Capabilities in Maintaining Codebases via Continuous Integration4 Mar 2026
- 2026Structurally Aligned Subtask-Level Memory for Software Engineering Agents25 Feb 2026
- 2026SWE-CI: Evaluating Agent Capabilities in Maintaining Codebases via Continuous Integrationcited by 23
- 2025MEMTRACK: Evaluating Long-Term Memory and State Tracking in Multi-Platform Dynamic Agent Environmentscited by 13
- 2026Structurally Aligned Subtask-Level Memory for Software Engineering Agentscited by 12
- 2025Agentic Software Issue Resolution with Large Language Models: A Surveycited by 6
- 2026Do Self-Evolving Agents Forget? Capability Degradation and Preservation in Lifelong LLM Agent Adaptationcited by 6
- 2026LatentGym: A Testbed For Cross-Task Experiential Learning With Controllable Latent Structurecited by 2
- 2026MEGA: Self-Evolving Agent Optimization Infrastructure via Wisdom Graphcited by 1
- 2026How Do AI Coding Agents Contribute to Software Development? an Empirical Study of Agentic Pull Requestscited by 0
- 2026ExplainBench: Evaluating Code Explanations from Agentscited by 0
- 2026Learn2Play Bench: How Well Do LLM Agents Learn from Experience in Unfamiliar Environments?cited by 0
- 2026Learn2Play Bench: How Well Do LLM Agents Learn from Experience in Unfamiliar Environments?6 Oct 2026
- 2026MEGA: Self-Evolving Agent Optimization Infrastructure via Wisdom Graph11 Aug 2026
- 2026ExplainBench: Evaluating Code Explanations from Agents29 Jul 2026
- 2026How Do AI Coding Agents Contribute to Software Development? an Empirical Study of Agentic Pull Requests23 Jul 2026
- 2026LatentGym: A Testbed For Cross-Task Experiential Learning With Controllable Latent Structure13 Jun 2026
- 2026Do Self-Evolving Agents Forget? Capability Degradation and Preservation in Lifelong LLM Agent Adaptation10 May 2026
- 2026SWE-CI: Evaluating Agent Capabilities in Maintaining Codebases via Continuous Integration4 Mar 2026
- 2026Structurally Aligned Subtask-Level Memory for Software Engineering Agents25 Feb 2026
- 2025Agentic Software Issue Resolution with Large Language Models: A Survey24 Dec 2025
- 2025MEMTRACK: Evaluating Long-Term Memory and State Tracking in Multi-Platform Dynamic Agent Environments1 Oct 2025
Similar, not cited
Close in wording, no citation either way
- 2023TRACE: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Continual Learning in Large Language Models
- 2026When Does Continual Learning Require Learning
- 2026ContinualSkillBench: Can LLM Agents Truly Evolve Their Capabilities?
- 2026SkillLearnBench: Benchmarking Continual Learning Methods for Agent Skill Generation on Real-World Tasks
- 2025Lifelong Learning of Large Language Model based Agents: A Roadmap
- 2025A Self-Improving Coding Agent
- 2026SWE Context Bench: A Benchmark for Context Learning in Coding
- 2024Continual Learning for Large Language Models: A Survey