mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

"What's Up, Doc?": Analyzing How Users Seek Health Information in Large-Scale Conversational AI Datasets

arXiv 2506.21532 ↗First posted 26 Jun 2025cs.CL cs.AI cs.CYcited by 5

Not on the map. Why?

Abstract (arXiv)

People are increasingly seeking healthcare information from large language models (LLMs) via interactive chatbots, yet the nature and inherent risks of these conversations remain largely unexplored. In this paper, we filter large-scale conversational AI datasets to achieve HealthChat-11K, a curated dataset of 11K real-world conversations composed of 25K user messages. We use HealthChat-11K and a clinician-driven taxonomy for how users interact with LLMs when seeking healthcare information in order to systematically study user interactions across 21 distinct health specialties. Our analysis reveals insights into the nature of how and why users seek health information, such as common interactions, instances of incomplete context, affective behaviors, and interactions (e.g., leading questions) that can induce sycophancy, underscoring the need for improvements in the healthcare support capabilities of LLMs deployed as conversational AI. Code and artifacts to retrieve our analyses and combine them into a curated dataset can be found here: https://github.com/yahskapar/HealthChat

Key facts. Cited by 5 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 14 of its 32 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 26 Jun 2025.

Builds on

14 of 32 references.

References · 14

  1. 2019Sentence-BERT: Sentence Embeddings using Siamese BERT-Networkscited by 9,170
  2. 2019Language Models as Knowledge Bases?cited by 1,936
  3. 2022Large Language Models Encode Clinical Knowledgecited by 1,830
  4. 2024WildChat: 1M ChatGPT Interaction Logs in the Wildcited by 629
  5. 2023ChatDoctor: A Medical Chat Model Fine-Tuned on a Large Language Model Meta-AI (LLaMA) Using Medical Domain Knowledgecited by 325
  6. 2023OpenChat: Advancing Open-source Language Models with Mixed-Quality Datacited by 252
  7. 2022Large Language Models are Few-Shot Clinical Information Extractorscited by 207
  8. 2024MediQ: Question-Asking LLMs and a Benchmark for Reliable Interactive Clinical Reasoningcited by 154
  9. 2023When Large Language Models contradict humans? Large Language Models' Sycophantic Behaviourcited by 62
  10. 2024The opportunities and risks of large language models in mental healthcited by 54
  11. 2021The future of human-AI collaboration: a taxonomy of design knowledge for hybrid intelligence systemscited by 39
  12. 2025Navigating Rifts in Human-LLM Grounding: Study and Benchmarkcited by 29
2 more
  1. 2024Can We Trust LLMs? Mitigate Overconfidence Bias in LLMs through Knowledge Transfercited by 19
  2. 2025Substance over Style: Evaluating Proactive Conversational Coaching Agentscited by 6

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2026: 5.

5 papers.

  1. 2026MatrAIx: Simulating the World with 8.3 Billion Persona Agentscited by 7
  2. 2026This Treatment Works, Right? Evaluating LLM Sensitivity to Patient Question Framing in Medical QAcited by 2
  3. 2026Synthetic Users, Real Differences: an Evaluation Framework for User Simulation in Multi-Turn Conversationscited by 2
  4. 2026Same Evidence, Different Answer: Auditing Order Sensitivity in Multimodal Large Language Modelscited by 1
  5. 2026TAF-MED: Multi-Turn Safety Refusal Collapse in LLMs Under Declared Self-Treatment Intentcited by 0