MultiFinBen: Benchmarking Large Language Models for Multilingual and Multimodal Financial Application
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Abstract (arXiv)
Real-world financial analysis involves information across multiple languages and modalities, from reports and news to scanned filings and meeting recordings. Yet most existing evaluations of LLMs in finance remain text-only, monolingual, and largely saturated by current models. To bridge these gaps, we present MultiFinBen, the first expert-annotated multilingual (five languages) and multimodal (text, vision, audio) benchmark for evaluating LLMs in realistic financial contexts. MultiFinBen introduces two new task families: multilingual financial reasoning, which tests cross-lingual evidence integration from filings and news, and financial OCR, which extracts structured text from scanned documents containing tables and charts. Rather than aggregating all available datasets, we apply a structured, difficulty-aware selection based on advanced model performance, ensuring balanced challenge and removing redundant tasks. Evaluating 21 leading LLMs shows that even frontier multimodal models like GPT-4o achieve only 46.01% overall, stronger on vision and audio but dropping sharply in multilingual settings. These findings expose persistent limitations in multilingual, multimodal, and expert-level financial reasoning. All datasets, evaluation scripts, and leaderboards are publicly released.
Key facts. Cited by 14 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 39 of its 77 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 16 Jun 2025.
Builds on
39 of 77 references.
References · 39
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27 more
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Citing papers per year: 2025: 3; 2026: 11.
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- 2025FinSearchComp: Towards a Realistic, Expert-Level Evaluation of Financial Search and Reasoningcited by 27
- 2026FinReporting: An Agentic Workflow for Localized Reporting of Cross-Jurisdiction Financial Disclosurescited by 5
- 2026FinTrace: Holistic Trajectory-Level Evaluation of LLM Tool Calling for Long-Horizon Financial Taskscited by 4
- 2026Herculean: An Agentic Benchmark for Financial Intelligencecited by 4
- 2025FinCriticalED: A Visual Benchmark for Financial Fact-Level OCRcited by 2
- 2026SAHM: A Benchmark for Arabic Financial and Shari'ah-Compliant Reasoningcited by 2
- 2025MENTOR: A Metacognition-Driven Self-Evolution Framework for Uncovering and Mitigating Implicit Domain Risks in LLMscited by 1
- 2026Hedge-Bench: Benchmarking Agents on Hard, Realistic Tasks Pertaining to Financial Reasoningcited by 1
- 2026FCMBench: The First Large-scale Financial Credit Multimodal Benchmark for Real-world Applicationscited by 0
- 2026Overview of FinMMEval 2026 Task 1: Multilingual Financial Multiple-Choice Question Answeringcited by 0
- 2026Overview of FinMMEval 2026 Task 2: Multilingual Financial Short-Answer Question Answeringcited by 0
- 2026Credit Cards, Confusion, Computation, and Consequences: What Can We Uncover About Language Model Reasoning?cited by 0
- 2026FinFIRST: Benchmarking Search Agents for Financial Information Retrieval, Sourcing and Traceability21 Sep 2026
- 2026IGT @ FinMMEval 2026 Task 2: Question-Type Prompting with Targeted Extraction for Multilingual Financial QA8 Sep 2026
- 2026Credit Cards, Confusion, Computation, and Consequences: What Can We Uncover About Language Model Reasoning?29 Jul 2026
- 2026Overview of FinMMEval 2026 Task 2: Multilingual Financial Short-Answer Question Answering22 Jul 2026
- 2026Overview of FinMMEval 2026 Task 1: Multilingual Financial Multiple-Choice Question Answering22 Jul 2026
- 2026Hedge-Bench: Benchmarking Agents on Hard, Realistic Tasks Pertaining to Financial Reasoning2 Jun 2026
- 2026Herculean: An Agentic Benchmark for Financial Intelligence14 May 2026
- 2026SAHM: A Benchmark for Arabic Financial and Shari'ah-Compliant Reasoning21 Apr 2026
- 2026FinTrace: Holistic Trajectory-Level Evaluation of LLM Tool Calling for Long-Horizon Financial Tasks11 Apr 2026
- 2026FinReporting: An Agentic Workflow for Localized Reporting of Cross-Jurisdiction Financial Disclosures7 Apr 2026
- 2026FCMBench: The First Large-scale Financial Credit Multimodal Benchmark for Real-world Applications1 Jan 2026
- 2025FinCriticalED: A Visual Benchmark for Financial Fact-Level OCR19 Nov 2025
- 2026FinReporting: An Agentic Workflow for Localized Reporting of Cross-Jurisdiction Financial Disclosurescited by 5
- 2026FinTrace: Holistic Trajectory-Level Evaluation of LLM Tool Calling for Long-Horizon Financial Taskscited by 4
- 2026Herculean: An Agentic Benchmark for Financial Intelligencecited by 4
- 2026FinFIRST: Benchmarking Search Agents for Financial Information Retrieval, Sourcing and Traceabilitycited by 0
- 2026FinFIRST: Benchmarking Search Agents for Financial Information Retrieval, Sourcing and Traceability21 Sep 2026
- 2026Herculean: An Agentic Benchmark for Financial Intelligence14 May 2026
- 2026FinTrace: Holistic Trajectory-Level Evaluation of LLM Tool Calling for Long-Horizon Financial Tasks11 Apr 2026
- 2026FinReporting: An Agentic Workflow for Localized Reporting of Cross-Jurisdiction Financial Disclosures7 Apr 2026
- 2025FinSearchComp: Towards a Realistic, Expert-Level Evaluation of Financial Search and Reasoningcited by 27
- 2026SAHM: A Benchmark for Arabic Financial and Shari'ah-Compliant Reasoningcited by 2
- 2026Credit Cards, Confusion, Computation, and Consequences: What Can We Uncover About Language Model Reasoning?cited by 0
- 2026Credit Cards, Confusion, Computation, and Consequences: What Can We Uncover About Language Model Reasoning?29 Jul 2026
- 2026SAHM: A Benchmark for Arabic Financial and Shari'ah-Compliant Reasoning21 Apr 2026
- 2025FinSearchComp: Towards a Realistic, Expert-Level Evaluation of Financial Search and Reasoning16 Sep 2025
- 2026Hedge-Bench: Benchmarking Agents on Hard, Realistic Tasks Pertaining to Financial Reasoningcited by 1
- 2026FCMBench: The First Large-scale Financial Credit Multimodal Benchmark for Real-world Applicationscited by 0
- 2026Overview of FinMMEval 2026 Task 1: Multilingual Financial Multiple-Choice Question Answeringcited by 0
- 2026Overview of FinMMEval 2026 Task 2: Multilingual Financial Short-Answer Question Answeringcited by 0
- 2026IGT @ FinMMEval 2026 Task 2: Question-Type Prompting with Targeted Extraction for Multilingual Financial QAcited by 0
- 2026IGT @ FinMMEval 2026 Task 2: Question-Type Prompting with Targeted Extraction for Multilingual Financial QA8 Sep 2026
- 2026Overview of FinMMEval 2026 Task 2: Multilingual Financial Short-Answer Question Answering22 Jul 2026
- 2026Overview of FinMMEval 2026 Task 1: Multilingual Financial Multiple-Choice Question Answering22 Jul 2026
- 2026Hedge-Bench: Benchmarking Agents on Hard, Realistic Tasks Pertaining to Financial Reasoning2 Jun 2026
- 2026FCMBench: The First Large-scale Financial Credit Multimodal Benchmark for Real-world Applications1 Jan 2026