mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Reinforced Reasoning for Embodied Planning

arXiv 2505.22050 ↗First posted 28 May 2025cs.AI cs.LGcited by 12

On the map: LLM reasoning → Spatial and embodied reasoning

Abstract (arXiv)

Embodied planning requires agents to make coherent multi-step decisions based on dynamic visual observations and natural language goals. While recent vision-language models (VLMs) excel at static perception tasks, they struggle with the temporal reasoning, spatial understanding, and commonsense grounding needed for planning in interactive environments. In this work, we introduce a reinforcement fine-tuning framework that brings R1-style reasoning enhancement into embodied planning. We first distill a high-quality dataset from a powerful closed-source model and perform supervised fine-tuning (SFT) to equip the model with structured decision-making priors. We then design a rule-based reward function tailored to multi-step action quality and optimize the policy via Generalized Reinforced Preference Optimization (GRPO). Our approach is evaluated on Embench, a recent benchmark for interactive embodied tasks, covering both in-domain and out-of-domain scenarios. Experimental results show that our method significantly outperforms models of similar or larger scale, including GPT-4o-mini and 70B+ open-source baselines, and exhibits strong generalization to unseen environments. This work highlights the potential of reinforcement-driven reasoning to advance long-horizon planning in embodied AI.

Key facts. Cited by 12 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Spatial and embodied reasoning, one of 17 directions in LLM reasoning. Builds on 50 of its 56 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 28 May 2025.

Builds on

50 of 56 references.

Closest ancestors · 4

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2025Embodied-R: Collaborative Framework for Activating Embodied Spatial Reasoning in Foundation Models via Reinforcement Learning17 Apr
  2. 2025Embodied-Reasoner: Synergizing Visual Search, Reasoning, and Action for Embodied Interactive Tasks27 Mar
  3. 2024Robotic Control via Embodied Chain-of-Thought Reasoning11 Jul
  4. 2023EmbodiedGPT: Vision-Language Pre-Training via Embodied Chain of Thought24 May

Other references · 46

  1. 2022Training language models to follow instructions with human feedbackcited by 15,971
  2. 2022Chain-of-Thought Prompting Elicits Reasoning in Large Language Modelscited by 12,459
  3. 2024DeepSeekMath: Pushing the Limits of Mathematical Reasoning in Open Language Modelscited by 9,379
  4. 2023Direct Preference Optimization: Your Language Model is Secretly a Reward Modelcited by 8,065
  5. 2025DeepSeek-R1: Incentivizing Reasoning Capability in LLMs via Reinforcement Learningcited by 6,330
  6. 2025Qwen2.5-VL Technical Reportcited by 5,587
  7. 2023Let's Verify Step by Stepcited by 3,789
  8. 2024OpenVLA: An Open-Source Vision-Language-Action Modelcited by 2,887
  9. 2022Do As I Can, Not As I Say: Grounding Language in Robotic Affordancescited by 2,348
  10. 2024Expanding Performance Boundaries of Open-Source Multimodal Models with Model, Data, and Test-Time Scalingcited by 1,599
  11. 2024LlamaFactory: Unified Efficient Fine-Tuning of 100+ Language Modelscited by 1,464
  12. 2023The Rise and Potential of Large Language Model Based Agents: A Surveycited by 1,439
34 more
  1. 2025Kimi k1.5: Scaling Reinforcement Learning with LLMscited by 1,210
  2. 2019Habitat: A Platform for Embodied AI Researchcited by 1,191
  3. 2017AI2-THOR: An Interactive 3D Environment for Visual AIcited by 869
  4. 2023Vision-Language Models for Vision Tasks: A Surveycited by 839
  5. 2019ALFRED: A Benchmark for Interpreting Grounded Instructions for Everyday Taskscited by 783
  6. 2023Multimodal Chain-of-Thought Reasoning in Language Modelscited by 752
  7. 2025Vision-R1: Incentivizing Reasoning Capability in Multimodal Large Language Modelscited by 665
  8. 2022ProgPrompt: Generating Situated Robot Task Plans using Large Language Modelscited by 611
  9. 2025VLM-R1: A Stable and Generalizable R1-style Large Vision-Language Modelcited by 526
  10. 2025Visual-RFT: Visual Reinforcement Fine-Tuningcited by 513
  11. 2025Process Reinforcement through Implicit Rewardscited by 504
  12. 2025LIMO: Less is More for Reasoningcited by 498
  13. 2025RAGEN: Understanding Self-Evolution in LLM Agents via Multi-Turn Reinforcement Learningcited by 386
  14. 2025MM-Eureka: Exploring the Frontiers of Multimodal Reasoning with Rule-based Reinforcement Learningcited by 303
  15. 2025R1-VL: Learning to Reason with Multimodal Large Language Models via Step-wise Group Relative Policy Optimizationcited by 301
  16. 2024A Survey on Vision-Language-Action Models for Embodied AIcited by 279
  17. 2021A Survey of Embodied AI: From Simulators to Research Taskscited by 261
  18. 2025VideoChat-R1: Enhancing Spatio-Temporal Perception via Reinforcement Fine-Tuningcited by 255
  19. 2025EmbodiedBench: Comprehensive Benchmarking Multi-modal Large Language Models for Vision-Driven Embodied Agentscited by 221
  20. 2025Hi Robot: Open-Ended Instruction Following with Hierarchical Vision-Language-Action Modelscited by 221
  21. 2024Trial and Error: Exploration-Based Trajectory Optimization for LLM Agentscited by 197
  22. 2025Multimodal Chain-of-Thought Reasoning: A Comprehensive Surveycited by 182
  23. 2023Compositional Chain-of-Thought Prompting for Large Multimodal Modelscited by 164
  24. 2023Look Before You Leap: Unveiling the Power of GPT-4V in Robotic Vision-Language Planningcited by 161
  25. 2024Multi-Step Reasoning with Large Language Models, a Surveycited by 143
  26. 2023Generalized Planning in PDDL Domains with Pretrained Large Language Modelscited by 139
  27. 2024Exploring the Reasoning Abilities of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs): A Comprehensive Survey on Emerging Trends in Multimodal Reasoningcited by 136
  28. 2025RoboBrain: A Unified Brain Model for Robotic Manipulation from Abstract to Concretecited by 135
  29. 2023Embodied Task Planning with Large Language Modelscited by 84
  30. 2024HiRT: Enhancing Robotic Control with Hierarchical Robot Transformerscited by 75
  31. 2024KAM-CoT: Knowledge Augmented Multimodal Chain-of-Thoughts Reasoningcited by 60
  32. 2024A Survey on Robotics with Foundation Models: toward Embodied AIcited by 56
  33. 2023Context-Aware Planning and Environment-Aware Memory for Instruction Following Embodied Agentscited by 33
  34. 2025World Modeling Makes a Better Planner: Dual Preference Optimization for Embodied Task Planningcited by 26

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Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2025: 6; 2026: 6.

12 papers.

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2025Robot-R1: Reinforcement Learning for Enhanced Embodied Reasoning in Robotics
  2. 2025Unleashing Embodied Task Planning Ability in LLMs via Reinforcement Learning
  3. 2026SVLL: Staged Vision-Language Learning for Physically Grounded Embodied Task Planning
  4. 2025Nav-R1: Reasoning and Navigation in Embodied Scenes
  5. 2026Plan-Bench: Can Existing VLMs Go Well Beyond Perception to Reason and Plan in Embodied Worlds?
  6. 2025Visual Planning: Let's Think Only with Images
  7. 2025Embodied-R1: Reinforced Embodied Reasoning for General Robotic Manipulation
  8. 2025RFTF: Reinforcement Fine-tuning for Embodied Agents with Temporal Feedback