mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

JULI: Jailbreak Large Language Models by Self-Introspection

arXiv 2505.11790 ↗First posted 17 May 2025cs.LG cs.CRcited by 3

On the map: LLM alignment / RLHF / preference optimisation → Safety alignment and jailbreak attacks

also in 1 more
Abstract (arXiv)

Large Language Models (LLMs) are trained with safety alignment to prevent generating malicious content. Although some attacks have highlighted vulnerabilities in these safety-aligned LLMs, they typically have limitations, such as necessitating access to the model weights or the generation process. Since proprietary models through API-calling do not grant users such permissions, these attacks find it challenging to compromise them. In this paper, we propose Jailbreaking Using LLM Introspection (JULI), which jailbreaks LLMs by manipulating the token log probabilities, using a tiny plug-in block, BiasNet. JULI relies solely on the knowledge of the target LLM's predicted token log probabilities. It can effectively jailbreak API-calling LLMs under a black-box setting and knowing only top-5 token log probabilities. Our approach demonstrates superior effectiveness, outperforming existing state-of-the-art (SOTA) approaches across multiple metrics.

Key facts. Cited by 3 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Safety alignment and jailbreak attacks, one of 10 directions in LLM alignment / RLHF / preference optimisation. Builds on 17 of its 25 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 17 May 2025.

Builds on

17 of 25 references.

Closest ancestors · 6

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2024Safety Alignment Should Be Made More Than Just a Few Tokens Deep10 Jun
  2. 2024Emulated Disalignment: Safety Alignment for Large Language Models May Backfire!19 Feb
  3. 2023Safe RLHF: Safe Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback19 Oct
  4. 2023Fine-tuning Aligned Language Models Compromises Safety, Even When Users Do Not Intend To!5 Oct
  5. 2023Shadow Alignment: The Ease of Subverting Safely-Aligned Language Models4 Oct
  6. 2023AutoDAN: Generating Stealthy Jailbreak Prompts on Aligned Large Language Models3 Oct

Other references · 11

  1. 2017Proximal Policy Optimization Algorithmscited by 15,215
  2. 2023Llama 2: Open Foundation and Fine-Tuned Chat Modelscited by 13,028
  3. 2023Direct Preference Optimization: Your Language Model is Secretly a Reward Modelcited by 8,065
  4. 2020Scaling Laws for Neural Language Modelscited by 6,586
  5. 2023Jailbreaking Black Box Large Language Models in Twenty Queriescited by 1,420
  6. 2023Catastrophic Jailbreak of Open-source LLMs via Exploiting Generationcited by 451
  7. 2023Exploiting Programmatic Behavior of LLMs: Dual-Use Through Standard Security Attackscited by 278
  8. 2024Weak-to-Strong Jailbreaking on Large Language Modelscited by 107
  9. 2024Covert Malicious Finetuning: Challenges in Safeguarding LLM Adaptationcited by 80
  10. 2023Make Them Spill the Beans! Coercive Knowledge Extraction from (Production) LLMscited by 27
  11. 2024Toxicity Detection for Freecited by 15

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2025: 1; 2026: 2.

3 papers.

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2026ShallowJail: Steering Jailbreaks against Large Language Models
  2. 2024SafeDecoding: Defending against Jailbreak Attacks via Safety-Aware Decoding
  3. 2024EasyJailbreak: A Unified Framework for Jailbreaking Large Language Models
  4. 2023Tricking LLMs into Disobedience: Formalizing, Analyzing, and Detecting Jailbreaks
  5. 2025A Domain-Based Taxonomy of Jailbreak Vulnerabilities in Large Language Models
  6. 2024EnJa: Ensemble Jailbreak on Large Language Models
  7. 2025TwinBreak: Jailbreaking LLM Security Alignments based on Twin Prompts
  8. 2024Harnessing Task Overload for Scalable Jailbreak Attacks on Large Language Models