Privacy-Aware Lifelong Learning
On the map: LLM safety and security → Machine unlearning
Abstract (arXiv)
Lifelong learning algorithms enable models to incrementally acquire new knowledge without forgetting previously learned information. Contrarily, the field of machine unlearning focuses on explicitly forgetting certain previous knowledge from pretrained models when requested, in order to comply with data privacy regulations on the right-to-be-forgotten. Enabling efficient lifelong learning with the capability to selectively unlearn sensitive information from models presents a critical and largely unaddressed challenge with contradicting objectives. We address this problem from the perspective of simultaneously preventing catastrophic forgetting and allowing forward knowledge transfer during task-incremental learning, while ensuring exact task unlearning and minimizing memory requirements, based on a single neural network model to be adapted. Our proposed solution, privacy-aware lifelong learning (PALL), involves optimization of task-specific sparse subnetworks with parameter sharing within a single architecture. We additionally utilize an episodic memory rehearsal mechanism to facilitate exact unlearning without performance degradations. We empirically demonstrate the scalability of PALL across various architectures in image classification, and provide a state-of-the-art solution that uniquely integrates lifelong learning and privacy-aware unlearning mechanisms for responsible AI applications.
Key facts. Cited by 1 paper in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Machine unlearning, one of 12 directions in LLM safety and security. Builds on 44 of its 57 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 16 May 2025.
Builds on
44 of 57 references.
Closest ancestors · 9
Same direction, newest first
- 2024Inexact Unlearning Needs More Careful Evaluations to Avoid a False Sense of Privacy2 Mar
- 2024eCIL-MU: Embedding based Class Incremental Learning and Machine Unlearning4 Jan
- 2023SAFE: Machine Unlearning With Shard Graphs25 Apr
- 2023To Be Forgotten or To Be Fair: Unveiling Fairness Implications of Machine Unlearning Methods7 Feb
- 2022LegoNet: A Fast and Exact Unlearning Architecture28 Oct
- 2022Continual Learning and Private Unlearning24 Mar
- 2022Towards Adversarial Evaluations for Inexact Machine Unlearning17 Jan
- 2021Adaptive Machine Unlearning8 Jun
- 2021Remember What You Want to Forget: Algorithms for Machine Unlearning4 Mar
Other references · 35
- 2015Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognitioncited by 52,096
- 2020An Image is Worth 16x16 Words: Transformers for Image Recognition at Scalecited by 30,186
- 2016Overcoming catastrophic forgetting in neural networkscited by 4,787
- 2015Delving Deep into Rectifiers: Surpassing Human-Level Performance on ImageNet Classificationcited by 3,611
- 2016Learning without Forgettingcited by 2,496
- 2016iCaRL: Incremental Classifier and Representation Learningcited by 2,333
- 2016Membership Inference Attacks against Machine Learning Modelscited by 2,281
- 2017Gradient Episodic Memory for Continual Learningcited by 1,898
- 2016Progressive Neural Networkscited by 1,361
- 2017Continual Learning with Deep Generative Replaycited by 1,158
- 2017Memory Aware Synapses: Learning what (not) to forgetcited by 1,105
- 2018Experience Replay for Continual Learningcited by 1,095
23 more
- 2019Machine Unlearningcited by 1,061
- 2020Dark Experience for General Continual Learning: a Strong, Simple Baselinecited by 911
- 2017PackNet: Adding Multiple Tasks to a Single Network by Iterative Pruningcited by 898
- 2018Riemannian Walk for Incremental Learning: Understanding Forgetting and Intransigencecited by 742
- 2017Lifelong Learning with Dynamically Expandable Networkscited by 694
- 2019Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Net: Selective Forgetting in Deep Networkscited by 618
- 2021How to train your ViT? Data, Augmentation, and Regularization in Vision Transformerscited by 569
- 2019Certified Data Removal from Machine Learning Modelscited by 535
- 2019Making AI Forget You: Data Deletion in Machine Learningcited by 465
- 2016Expert Gate: Lifelong Learning with a Network of Expertscited by 372
- 2020Amnesiac Machine Learningcited by 319
- 2020Descent-to-Delete: Gradient-Based Methods for Machine Unlearningcited by 311
- 2019Continual learning with hypernetworkscited by 273
- 2019What's Hidden in a Randomly Weighted Neural Network?cited by 237
- 2020When Machine Unlearning Jeopardizes Privacycited by 198
- 2020DeltaGrad: Rapid retraining of machine learning modelscited by 149
- 2023Privacy Auditing with One (1) Training Runcited by 123
- 2019Continual Learning via Neural Pruningcited by 101
- 2024Continual Learning and Catastrophic Forgettingcited by 77
- 2023A Comprehensive Survey of Forgetting in Deep Learning Beyond Continual Learningcited by 69
- 2022Learning with Recoverable Forgettingcited by 30
- 2022Continual Prune-and-Select: Class-incremental learning with specialized subnetworkscited by 17
- 2022Lifelong DP: Consistently Bounded Differential Privacy in Lifelong Machine Learningcited by 2
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2025: 1.
1 paper.
- 2025What is the role of memorization in Continual Learning?cited by 0
- 2025What is the role of memorization in Continual Learning?23 May 2025
Similar, not cited
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- 2026Shadow Unlearning: A Neuro-Semantic Approach to Fidelity-Preserving Faceless Forgetting in LLMs
- 2025An Unlearning Framework for Continual Learning
- 2026Decoupling Knowledge and Privacy: Post-Task Self-Distillation Replay for LLM Continual Learning
- 2025Towards Efficient and Exact Forgetting Services in Pre-Trained-Model-based Continual Learning
- 2026The Forgetting-Retention Dilemma: Certified Unlearning Theory in Continual Learning
- 2025Towards Benchmarking Privacy Vulnerabilities in Selective Forgetting with Large Language Models
- 2026PrivUn: Unveiling Latent Ripple Effects and Shallow Forgetting in Privacy Unlearning
- 2025MyGO: Memory Yielding Generative Offline-consolidation for Lifelong Learning Systems