mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Building a Human-Verified Clinical Reasoning Dataset via a Human LLM Hybrid Pipeline for Trustworthy Medical AI

arXiv 2505.06912 ↗First posted 11 May 2025cs.CVcited by 6

On the map: LLM reasoning → Clinical and biomedical applications

Abstract (arXiv)

Despite strong performance in medical question-answering, the clinical adoption of Large Language Models (LLMs) is critically hampered by their opaque 'black-box' reasoning, limiting clinician trust. This challenge is compounded by the predominant reliance of current medical LLMs on corpora from scientific literature or synthetic data, which often lack the granular expert validation and high clinical relevance essential for advancing their specialized medical capabilities. To address these critical gaps, we introduce a highly clinically relevant dataset with 31,247 medical question-answer pairs, each accompanied by expert-validated chain-of-thought (CoT) explanations. This resource, spanning multiple clinical domains, was curated via a scalable human-LLM hybrid pipeline: LLM-generated rationales were iteratively reviewed, scored, and refined by medical experts against a structured rubric, with substandard outputs revised through human effort or guided LLM regeneration until expert consensus. This publicly available dataset provides a vital source for the development of medical LLMs that capable of transparent and verifiable reasoning, thereby advancing safer and more interpretable AI in medicine.

Key facts. Cited by 6 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Clinical and biomedical applications, one of 17 directions in LLM reasoning. Builds on 6 of its 22 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 11 May 2025.

Builds on

6 of 22 references.

Closest ancestors · 2

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2025MedReason: Eliciting Factual Medical Reasoning Steps in LLMs via Knowledge Graphs1 Apr
  2. 2024HuatuoGPT-o1, Towards Medical Complex Reasoning with LLMs25 Dec

Other references · 4

  1. 2023LLaMA: Open and Efficient Foundation Language Modelscited by 14,132
  2. 2025DeepSeek-R1: Incentivizing Reasoning Capability in LLMs via Reinforcement Learningcited by 6,330
  3. 2024GPT-4o System Cardcited by 4,588
  4. 2024OpenAI o1 System Cardcited by 1,244

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Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2025: 4; 2026: 2.

6 papers.

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2025Structured Outputs Enable General-Purpose LLMs to be Medical Experts
  2. 2026Aligning Clinical Needs and AI Capabilities: A Survey on LLMs for Medical Reasoning
  3. 2025Med-R2: Crafting Trustworthy LLM Physicians via Retrieval and Reasoning of Evidence-Based Medicine
  4. 2026A Multi-Agent Framework for Medical AI: Leveraging Fine-Tuned GPT, LLaMA, and DeepSeek R1 for Evidence-Based and Bias-Aware Clinical Query Processing
  5. 2025Medical Reasoning in the Era of LLMs: A Systematic Review of Enhancement Techniques and Applications
  6. 2026Advances in LLM Reasoning Enable Flexibility in Clinical Problem-Solving
  7. 2024LLM-MedQA: Enhancing Medical Question Answering through Case Studies in Large Language Models
  8. 2025MedOmni-45deg: A Safety-Performance Benchmark for Reasoning-Oriented LLMs in Medicine