mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Evolution of AI in Education: Agentic Workflows

arXiv 2504.20082 ↗First posted 25 Apr 2025cs.AI cs.CYcited by 13

On the map: LLM agents and tool use → Educational agents and math problem solving

Abstract (arXiv)

The primary goal of this study is to analyze agentic workflows in education according to the proposed four major technological paradigms: reflection, planning, tool use, and multi-agent collaboration. We critically examine the role of AI agents in education through these key design paradigms, exploring their advantages, applications, and challenges. Second, to illustrate the practical potential of agentic systems, we present a proof-of-concept application: a multi-agent framework for automated essay scoring. Preliminary results suggest this agentic approach may offer improved consistency compared to stand-alone LLMs. Our findings highlight the transformative potential of AI agents in educational settings while underscoring the need for further research into their interpretability and trustworthiness.

Key facts. Cited by 13 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Educational agents and math problem solving, one of 16 directions in LLM agents and tool use. Builds on 37 of its 97 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 25 Apr 2025.

Builds on

37 of 97 references.

Closest ancestors · 5

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2024Using Generative AI and Multi-Agents to Provide Automatic Feedback11 Nov
  2. 2024TeachTune: Reviewing Pedagogical Agents Against Diverse Student Profiles with Simulated Students5 Oct
  3. 2024Simulating Classroom Education with LLM-Empowered Agents27 Jun
  4. 2024EduAgent: Generative Student Agents in Learning23 Mar
  5. 2023MathChat: Converse to Tackle Challenging Math Problems with LLM Agents2 Jun

Other references · 32

  1. 2022Chain-of-Thought Prompting Elicits Reasoning in Large Language Modelscited by 12,459
  2. 2023Reflexion: Language Agents with Verbal Reinforcement Learningcited by 4,276
  3. 2023Self-Refine: Iterative Refinement with Self-Feedbackcited by 3,442
  4. 2023Tree of Thoughts: Deliberate Problem Solving with Large Language Modelscited by 3,211
  5. 2023AutoGen: Enabling Next-Gen LLM Applications via Multi-Agent Conversationcited by 1,988
  6. 2023MetaGPT: Meta Programming for A Multi-Agent Collaborative Frameworkcited by 1,808
  7. 2023Improving Factuality and Reasoning in Language Models through Multiagent Debatecited by 1,784
  8. 2023The Rise and Potential of Large Language Model Based Agents: A Surveycited by 1,439
  9. 2023Language Models Don't Always Say What They Think: Unfaithful Explanations in Chain-of-Thought Promptingcited by 1,122
  10. 2023Encouraging Divergent Thinking in Large Language Models through Multi-Agent Debatecited by 1,011
  11. 2023ChatDev: Communicative Agents for Software Developmentcited by 919
  12. 2023CRITIC: Large Language Models Can Self-Correct with Tool-Interactive Critiquingcited by 783
20 more
  1. 2024Executable Code Actions Elicit Better LLM Agentscited by 564
  2. 2025Humanity's Last Examcited by 491
  3. 2024Automated Design of Agentic Systemscited by 407
  4. 2023A Real-World WebAgent with Planning, Long Context Understanding, and Program Synthesiscited by 353
  5. 2023ReWOO: Decoupling Reasoning from Observations for Efficient Augmented Language Modelscited by 184
  6. 2024The Landscape of Emerging AI Agent Architectures for Reasoning, Planning, and Tool Calling: A Surveycited by 168
  7. 2024Agent-E: From Autonomous Web Navigation to Foundational Design Principles in Agentic Systemscited by 81
  8. 2023Applying Large Language Models and Chain-of-Thought for Automatic Scoringcited by 69
  9. 2021Edge-Cloud Polarization and Collaboration: A Comprehensive Survey for AIcited by 39
  10. 2023A Comprehensive AI Policy Education Framework for University Teaching and Learningcited by 34
  11. 2024MEDCO: Medical Education Copilots Based on A Multi-Agent Frameworkcited by 33
  12. 2024Exploring Autonomous Agents through the Lens of Large Language Models: A Reviewcited by 31
  13. 2023Thought Cloning: Learning to Think while Acting by Imitating Human Thinkingcited by 30
  14. 2023New Era of Artificial Intelligence in Education: Towards a Sustainable Multifaceted Revolutioncited by 20
  15. 2023Artificial Intelligence-Enabled Intelligent Assistant for Personalized and Adaptive Learning in Higher Educationcited by 17
  16. 2024Enhancing LLMs for Impression Generation in Radiology Reports through a Multi-Agent Systemcited by 11
  17. 2024The Interplay of Learning, Analytics, and Artificial Intelligence in Education: A Vision for Hybrid Intelligencecited by 9
  18. 2024Generative AI for Enhancing Active Learning in Education: A Comparative Study of GPT-3.5 and GPT-4 in Crafting Customized Test Questionscited by 8
  19. 2024AI Agents and Education: Simulated Practice at Scalecited by 5
  20. 2025Fine-tuning ChatGPT for Automatic Scoring of Written Scientific Explanations in Chinesecited by 3

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Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2025: 6; 2026: 7.

13 papers.

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By area:

  1. 2025AI Agents vs. Agentic AI: A Conceptual Taxonomy, Applications and Challengescited by 169
  2. 2025Vibe Coding vs. Agentic Coding: Fundamentals and Practical Implications of Agentic AIcited by 42
  3. 2025CAFES: A Collaborative Multi-Agent Framework for Multi-Granular Multimodal Essay Scoringcited by 7
  4. 2025SketchMind: A Multi-Agent Cognitive Framework for Assessing Student-Drawn Scientific Sketchescited by 3
  5. 2025From Passive Tool to Socio-cognitive Teammate: A Conceptual Framework for Agentic AI in Human-AI Collaborative Learningcited by 3
  6. 2025Socio-technical aspects of Agentic AIcited by 2
  7. 2026Open TutorAI: An Open-source Platform for Personalized and Immersive Learning with Generative AIcited by 1
  8. 2026CODE-GEN: A Human-in-the-Loop RAG-Based Agentic AI System for Multiple-Choice Question Generationcited by 1
  9. 2026EduIllustrate: Towards Scalable Automated Generation Of Multimodal Educational Contentcited by 1
  10. 2026Agentic AI for Education: A Unified Multi-Agent Framework for Personalized Learning and Institutional Intelligencecited by 0
  11. 2026Designing Ethical Learning for Agentic AI: Toegye Yi Hwang's Ethical Emotion Regulation Frameworkcited by 0
  12. 2026Agentic AI Ecosystems in Higher Education: A Perspective on AI Agents to Emerging Inclusive, Agentic Multi-Agent AI Framework for Learning, Teaching and Institutional Intelligencecited by 0
1 more
  1. 2026An Agentic Framework Using Rules and LLMs for Embedding and Annotating Descriptive Document Layouts: A Plant Science Use Casecited by 0

Similar, not cited

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  1. 2025Agentic Workflow for Education: Concepts and Applications
  2. 2026Agentic AI and Pedagogical Best Practice: The Tension Between Automation and Learning
  3. 2026Addressing the Reality Gap: A Three-Tension Framework for Agentic AI Adoption
  4. 2025Enabling Multi-Agent Systems as Learning Designers: Applying Learning Sciences to AI Instructional Design
  5. 2026AgentSchool: An LLM-Powered Multi-Agent Simulation for Education
  6. 2025Towards AI Agents for Course Instruction in Higher Education: Early Experiences from the Field
  7. 2024AI Agent for Education: von Neumann Multi-Agent System Framework
  8. 2026Mathematics Teachers Interactions with a Multi-Agent System for Personalized Problem Generation