mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

LegalRAG: A Hybrid RAG System for Multilingual Legal Information Retrieval

arXiv 2504.16121 ↗First posted 19 Apr 2025cs.IR cs.CL cs.LGcited by 5

On the map: Retrieval-augmented generation → Legal and financial RAG

Abstract (arXiv)

Natural Language Processing (NLP) and computational linguistic techniques are increasingly being applied across various domains, yet their use in legal and regulatory tasks remains limited. To address this gap, we develop an efficient bilingual question-answering framework for regulatory documents, specifically the Bangladesh Police Gazettes, which contain both English and Bangla text. Our approach employs modern Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) pipelines to enhance information retrieval and response generation. In addition to conventional RAG pipelines, we propose an advanced RAG-based approach that improves retrieval performance, leading to more precise answers. This system enables efficient searching for specific government legal notices, making legal information more accessible. We evaluate both our proposed and conventional RAG systems on a diverse test set on Bangladesh Police Gazettes, demonstrating that our approach consistently outperforms existing methods across all evaluation metrics.

Key facts. Cited by 5 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Legal and financial RAG, one of 15 directions in Retrieval-augmented generation. Builds on 24 of its 36 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 19 Apr 2025.

Builds on

24 of 36 references.

Closest ancestors · 1

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2024LegalBench-RAG: A Benchmark for Retrieval-Augmented Generation in the Legal Domain19 Aug

Other references · 23

  1. 2023GPT-4 Technical Reportcited by 18,132
  2. 2024The Llama 3 Herd of Modelscited by 14,192
  3. 2020Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Knowledge-Intensive NLP Taskscited by 9,160
  4. 2024GPT-4o System Cardcited by 4,467
  5. 2023QLoRA: Efficient Finetuning of Quantized LLMscited by 3,355
  6. 2024Gemma 2: Improving Open Language Models at a Practical Sizecited by 1,928
  7. 2023Self-RAG: Learning to Retrieve, Generate, and Critique through Self-Reflectioncited by 1,800
  8. 2024Mixtral of Expertscited by 1,785
  9. 2024M3-Embedding: Multi-Linguality, Multi-Functionality, Multi-Granularity Text Embeddings Through Self-Knowledge Distillationcited by 1,050
  10. 2021Retrieval Augmentation Reduces Hallucination in Conversationcited by 691
  11. 2023Making Retrieval-Augmented Language Models Robust to Irrelevant Contextcited by 364
  12. 2023Benchmarking Large Language Models in Retrieval-Augmented Generationcited by 307
11 more
  1. 2024The Effect of Sampling Temperature on Problem Solving in Large Language Modelscited by 168
  2. 2020How Does NLP Benefit Legal System: A Summary of Legal Artificial Intelligencecited by 128
  3. 2024Reducing hallucination in structured outputs via Retrieval-Augmented Generationcited by 92
  4. 2024Blended RAG: Improving RAG (Retriever-Augmented Generation) Accuracy with Semantic Search and Hybrid Query-Based Retrieverscited by 83
  5. 2023Information Retrieval: Recent Advances and Beyondcited by 49
  6. 2023Natural Language Processing in the Legal Domaincited by 38
  7. 2024Retrieval-augmented generation in multilingual settingscited by 27
  8. 2022NLP-based Automated Compliance Checking of Data Processing Agreements against GDPRcited by 18
  9. 2024Optimizing Query Generation for Enhanced Document Retrieval in RAGcited by 10
  10. 2023Crosslingual Retrieval Augmented In-context Learning for Banglacited by 7
  11. 2024LexDrafter: Terminology Drafting for Legislative Documents using Retrieval Augmented Generationcited by 6

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2025: 1; 2026: 4.

5 papers.

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  1. 2026Fine-grained Claim-level RAG Benchmark for Law
  2. 2025All for law and law for all: Adaptive RAG Pipeline for Legal Research
  3. 2026NepKANUN: A RAG-Based Nepali Legal Assistant
  4. 2026Legal-DC: Benchmarking Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Legal Documents
  5. 2026Efficient LLM Distillation for Bangladesh Legal Context: A Smartphone-Compatible Retrieval-Augmented Generation Model
  6. 2025The 3rd Place Solution of CCIR CUP 2025: A Framework for Retrieval-Augmented Generation in Multi-Turn Legal Conversation
  7. 2026Retrieval Augmented Generation Framework for the Nepali Legal Domain Question Answering
  8. 2025LexRAG: Benchmarking Retrieval-Augmented Generation in Multi-Turn Legal Consultation Conversation