HLS-Eval: A Benchmark and Framework for Evaluating LLMs on High-Level Synthesis Design Tasks
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Abstract (arXiv)
The rapid scaling of large language model (LLM) training and inference has driven their adoption in semiconductor design across academia and industry. While most prior work evaluates LLMs on hardware description language (HDL) tasks, particularly Verilog, designers are increasingly using high-level synthesis (HLS) to build domain-specific accelerators and complex hardware systems. However, benchmarks and tooling to comprehensively evaluate LLMs for HLS design tasks remain scarce. To address this, we introduce HLS-Eval, the first complete benchmark and evaluation framework for LLM-driven HLS design. HLS-Eval targets two core tasks: (1) generating HLS code from natural language descriptions, and (2) performing HLS-specific code edits to optimize performance and hardware efficiency. The benchmark includes 94 unique designs drawn from standard HLS benchmarks and novel sources. Each case is prepared via a semi-automated flow that produces a natural language description and a paired testbench for C-simulation and synthesis validation, ensuring each task is "LLM-ready." Beyond the benchmark, HLS-Eval offers a modular Python framework for automated, parallel evaluation of both local and hosted LLMs. It includes a parallel evaluation engine, direct HLS tool integration, and abstractions for to support different LLM interaction paradigms, enabling rapid prototyping of new benchmarks, tasks, and LLM methods. We demonstrate HLS-Eval through baseline evaluations of open-source LLMs on Vitis HLS, measuring outputs across four key metrics - parseability, compilability, runnability, and synthesizability - reflecting the iterative HLS design cycle. We also report pass@k metrics, establishing clear baselines and reusable infrastructure for the broader LLM-for-hardware community. All benchmarks, framework code, and results are open-sourced at https://github.com/stefanpie/hls-eval.
Key facts. Cited by 10 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 15 of its 29 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 16 Apr 2025.
Builds on
15 of 29 references.
References · 15
- 2021Evaluating Large Language Models Trained on Codecited by 8,320
- 2023VerilogEval: Evaluating Large Language Models for Verilog Code Generationcited by 252
- 2023VeriGen: A Large Language Model for Verilog Code Generationcited by 200
- 2024MG-Verilog: Multi-grained Dataset Towards Enhanced LLM-assisted Verilog Generationcited by 46
- 2024RTL-Repo: A Benchmark for Evaluating LLMs on Large-Scale RTL Design Projectscited by 26
- 2024HLSPilot: LLM-based High-Level Synthesiscited by 25
- 2018Transformations of High-Level Synthesis Codes for High-Performance Computingcited by 17
- 2024C2HLSC: Can LLMs Bridge the Software-to-Hardware Design Gap?cited by 12
- 2022FlowGNN: A Dataflow Architecture for Real-Time Workload-Agnostic Graph Neural Network Inferencecited by 11
- 2025Exploring Code Language Models for Automated HLS-based Hardware Generation: Benchmark, Infrastructure and Analysiscited by 10
- 2018Parallel Programming for FPGAscited by 9
- 2024HLSFactory: A Framework Empowering High-Level Synthesis Datasets for Machine Learning and Beyondcited by 8
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Citing papers per year: 2025: 1; 2026: 9.
10 papers.
- 2025CorrectHDL: Agentic HDL Design with LLMs Leveraging High-Level Synthesis as Referencecited by 3
- 2026Bench4HLS: End-to-End Evaluation of LLMs in High-Level Synthesis Code Generationcited by 2
- 2026MHRC-Bench: A Multilingual Hardware Repository-Level Code Completion benchmarkcited by 1
- 2026HLS-Seek: QoR-Aware Code Generation for High-Level Synthesis via Proxy Comparative Reward Reinforcement Learningcited by 1
- 2026Evidence-Driven LLM Agent for C-to-Synthesizable-C Conversion and Verificationcited by 1
- 2026From Pragmas to Partners: A Symbiotic Evolution of Agentic High-Level Synthesiscited by 0
- 2026ContractHIL-HLS: Contract-Aligned Multi-Agent Workflow with Hardware-in-the-Loop Feedback for HLS Designcited by 0
- 2026HLSmith: An Expert-Guided Agentic Framework for C/C++-to-HLS Translationcited by 0
- 2026PerfReasoning: How Well Do LLMs Reason on Hardware Performance?cited by 0
- 2026HLSFactory-Agent: Large-Scale Agentic HLS Dataset Construction from Academic and Open-Source Projectscited by 0
- 2026HLSFactory-Agent: Large-Scale Agentic HLS Dataset Construction from Academic and Open-Source Projects8 Sep 2026
- 2026PerfReasoning: How Well Do LLMs Reason on Hardware Performance?3 Sep 2026
- 2026HLSmith: An Expert-Guided Agentic Framework for C/C++-to-HLS Translation7 Aug 2026
- 2026ContractHIL-HLS: Contract-Aligned Multi-Agent Workflow with Hardware-in-the-Loop Feedback for HLS Design28 Jul 2026
- 2026Evidence-Driven LLM Agent for C-to-Synthesizable-C Conversion and Verification25 Jun 2026
- 2026HLS-Seek: QoR-Aware Code Generation for High-Level Synthesis via Proxy Comparative Reward Reinforcement Learning13 May 2026
- 2026From Pragmas to Partners: A Symbiotic Evolution of Agentic High-Level Synthesis1 Feb 2026
- 2026Bench4HLS: End-to-End Evaluation of LLMs in High-Level Synthesis Code Generation16 Jan 2026
- 2026MHRC-Bench: A Multilingual Hardware Repository-Level Code Completion benchmark7 Jan 2026
- 2025CorrectHDL: Agentic HDL Design with LLMs Leveraging High-Level Synthesis as Reference20 Nov 2025