mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

ClinicalGPT-R1: Pushing reasoning capability of generalist disease diagnosis with large language model

arXiv 2504.09421 ↗First posted 13 Apr 2025cs.CL cs.AIcited by 7

On the map: LLM reasoning → Clinical and biomedical applications

Abstract (arXiv)

Recent advances in reasoning with large language models (LLMs)has shown remarkable reasoning capabilities in domains such as mathematics and coding, yet their application to clinical diagnosis remains underexplored. Here, we introduce ClinicalGPT-R1, a reasoning enhanced generalist large language model for disease diagnosis. Trained on a dataset of 20,000 real-world clinical records, ClinicalGPT-R1 leverages diverse training strategies to enhance diagnostic reasoning. To benchmark performance, we curated MedBench-Hard, a challenging dataset spanning seven major medical specialties and representative diseases. Experimental results demonstrate that ClinicalGPT-R1 outperforms GPT-4o in Chinese diagnostic tasks and achieves comparable performance to GPT-4 in English settings. This comparative study effectively validates the superior performance of ClinicalGPT-R1 in disease diagnosis tasks. Resources are available at https://github.com/medfound/medfound.

Key facts. Cited by 7 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Clinical and biomedical applications, one of 17 directions in LLM reasoning. Builds on 19 of its 23 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 13 Apr 2025.

Builds on

19 of 23 references.

Closest ancestors · 4

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2025O1 Replication Journey -- Part 3: Inference-time Scaling for Medical Reasoning11 Jan
  2. 2024HuatuoGPT-o1, Towards Medical Complex Reasoning with LLMs25 Dec
  3. 2023Diagnostic Reasoning Prompts Reveal the Potential for Large Language Model Interpretability in Medicine13 Aug
  4. 2022Can large language models reason about medical questions?17 Jul

Other references · 15

  1. 2017Proximal Policy Optimization Algorithmscited by 14,441
  2. 2022Chain-of-Thought Prompting Elicits Reasoning in Large Language Modelscited by 12,302
  3. 2025DeepSeek-R1: Incentivizing Reasoning Capability in LLMs via Reinforcement Learningcited by 6,146
  4. 2023Let's Verify Step by Stepcited by 3,598
  5. 2023Math-Shepherd: Verify and Reinforce LLMs Step-by-step without Human Annotationscited by 895
  6. 2024Training Language Models to Self-Correct via Reinforcement Learningcited by 405
  7. 2024Deliberative Alignment: Reasoning Enables Safer Language Modelscited by 292
  8. 2018Learning by Playing - Solving Sparse Reward Tasks from Scratchcited by 164
  9. 2024Marco-o1: Towards Open Reasoning Models for Open-Ended Solutionscited by 142
  10. 2024Evaluation of OpenAI o1: Opportunities and Challenges of AGIcited by 127
  11. 2024AI Hospital: Benchmarking Large Language Models in a Multi-agent Medical Interaction Simulatorcited by 99
  12. 2019Keeping Your Distance: Solving Sparse Reward Tasks Using Self-Balancing Shaped Rewardscited by 76
3 more
  1. 2024UltraMedical: Building Specialized Generalists in Biomedicinecited by 67
  2. 2024JiuZhang3.0: Efficiently Improving Mathematical Reasoning by Training Small Data Synthesis Modelscited by 44
  3. 2024Self-Explore: Enhancing Mathematical Reasoning in Language Models with Fine-grained Rewardscited by 31

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2025: 3; 2026: 4.

7 papers.

  1. 2025MedAgentGym: A Scalable Agentic Training Environment for Code-Centric Reasoning in Biomedical Data Sciencecited by 22
  2. 2025Training LLMs for EHR-Based Reasoning Tasks via Reinforcement Learningcited by 14
  3. 2025Reinforcement Learning for Out-of-Distribution Reasoning in LLMs: An Empirical Study on Diagnosis-Related Group Codingcited by 7
  4. 2026Medical Reasoning with Large Language Models: A Survey and MR-Benchcited by 4
  5. 2026MentalSeek-Dx: Towards Progressive Hypothetico-Deductive Reasoning for Real-world Psychiatric Diagnosiscited by 1
  6. 2026Aligning Clinical Needs and AI Capabilities: A Survey on LLMs for Medical Reasoningcited by 1
  7. 2026ConsultMind:Towards Automated Diagnostic Consultation via Uncertainty-Aware Reasoningcited by 0

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2023ClinicalGPT: Large Language Models Finetuned with Diverse Medical Data and Comprehensive Evaluation
  2. 2023Large Language Models are Clinical Reasoners: Reasoning-Aware Diagnosis Framework with Prompt-Generated Rationales
  3. 2025DiagnosisArena: Benchmarking Diagnostic Reasoning for Large Language Models
  4. 2025A Specialized Large Language Model for Clinical Reasoning and Diagnosis in Rare Diseases
  5. 2023The Potential and Pitfalls of using a Large Language Model such as ChatGPT or GPT-4 as a Clinical Assistant
  6. 2026MedThink: Enhancing Diagnostic Accuracy in Small Models via Teacher-Guided Reasoning Correction
  7. 2025MedCaseReasoning: Evaluating and learning diagnostic reasoning from clinical case reports
  8. 2025MedTVT-R1: A Multimodal LLM Empowering Medical Reasoning and Diagnosis