mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Can You Count to Nine? A Human Evaluation Benchmark for Counting Limits in Modern Text-to-Video Models

arXiv 2504.04051 ↗First posted 5 Apr 2025cs.CV cs.AI cs.LGcited by 10

On the map: Diffusion models → Video generation

Abstract (arXiv)

Generative models have driven significant progress in a variety of AI tasks, including text-to-video generation, where models like Video LDM and Stable Video Diffusion can produce realistic, movie-level videos from textual instructions. Despite these advances, current text-to-video models still face fundamental challenges in reliably following human commands, particularly in adhering to simple numerical constraints. In this work, we present T2VCountBench, a specialized benchmark aiming at evaluating the counting capability of SOTA text-to-video models as of 2025. Our benchmark employs rigorous human evaluations to measure the number of generated objects and covers a diverse range of generators, covering both open-source and commercial models. Extensive experiments reveal that all existing models struggle with basic numerical tasks, almost always failing to generate videos with an object count of 9 or fewer. Furthermore, our comprehensive ablation studies explore how factors like video style, temporal dynamics, and multilingual inputs may influence counting performance. We also explore prompt refinement techniques and demonstrate that decomposing the task into smaller subtasks does not easily alleviate these limitations. Our findings highlight important challenges in current text-to-video generation and provide insights for future research aimed at improving adherence to basic numerical constraints.

Key facts. Cited by 10 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Video generation, one of 14 directions in Diffusion models. Builds on 48 of its 59 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 5 Apr 2025.

Builds on

48 of 59 references.

Closest ancestors · 13

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2025Video Latent Flow Matching: Optimal Polynomial Projections for Video Interpolation and Extrapolation1 Feb
  2. 2024LTX-Video: Realtime Video Latent Diffusion30 Dec
  3. 2024PhyT2V: LLM-Guided Iterative Self-Refinement for Physics-Grounded Text-to-Video Generation30 Nov
  4. 2024Pyramidal Flow Matching for Efficient Video Generative Modeling8 Oct
  5. 2024CogVideoX: Text-to-Video Diffusion Models with An Expert Transformer12 Aug
  6. 2023Stable Video Diffusion: Scaling Latent Video Diffusion Models to Large Datasets25 Nov
  7. 2023GPT4Motion: Scripting Physical Motions in Text-to-Video Generation via Blender-Oriented GPT Planning21 Nov
  8. 2023LAVIE: High-Quality Video Generation with Cascaded Latent Diffusion Models26 Sep
  9. 2023ModelScope Text-to-Video Technical Report12 Aug
  10. 2022Tune-A-Video: One-Shot Tuning of Image Diffusion Models for Text-to-Video Generation22 Dec
  11. 2022Latent Video Diffusion Models for High-Fidelity Long Video Generation23 Nov
  12. 2022MagicVideo: Efficient Video Generation With Latent Diffusion Models20 Nov
1 more
  1. 2022Video Diffusion Models7 Apr

Other references · 35

  1. 2021Learning Transferable Visual Models From Natural Language Supervisioncited by 33,744
  2. 2020Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Modelscited by 21,076
  3. 2021High-Resolution Image Synthesis with Latent Diffusion Modelscited by 18,863
  4. 2022Hierarchical Text-Conditional Image Generation with CLIP Latentscited by 6,585
  5. 2022Scalable Diffusion Models with Transformerscited by 6,054
  6. 2022Classifier-Free Diffusion Guidancecited by 5,847
  7. 2025Wan: Open and Advanced Large-Scale Video Generative Modelscited by 2,708
  8. 2021CLIPScore: A Reference-free Evaluation Metric for Image Captioningcited by 2,424
  9. 2023VBench: Comprehensive Benchmark Suite for Video Generative Modelscited by 1,822
  10. 2022Make-A-Video: Text-to-Video Generation without Text-Video Datacited by 1,742
  11. 2018Towards Accurate Generative Models of Video: A New Metric & Challengescited by 1,234
  12. 2021Cascaded Diffusion Models for High Fidelity Image Generationcited by 1,163
23 more
  1. 2022CogVideo: Large-scale Pretraining for Text-to-Video Generation via Transformerscited by 985
  2. 2021VideoGPT: Video Generation using VQ-VAE and Transformerscited by 658
  3. 2023EvalCrafter: Benchmarking and Evaluating Large Video Generation Modelscited by 340
  4. 2022CogView2: Faster and Better Text-to-Image Generation via Hierarchical Transformerscited by 307
  5. 2023Teaching CLIP to Count to Tencited by 198
  6. 2024T2V-CompBench: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Compositional Text-to-video Generationcited by 185
  7. 2023Swap Attention in Spatiotemporal Diffusions for Text-to-Video Generationcited by 154
  8. 2023FETV: A Benchmark for Fine-Grained Evaluation of Open-Domain Text-to-Video Generationcited by 122
  9. 2020FLAVR: Flow-Agnostic Video Representations for Fast Frame Interpolationcited by 98
  10. 2024ChronoMagic-Bench: A Benchmark for Metamorphic Evaluation of Text-to-Time-lapse Video Generationcited by 75
  11. 2024Evaluation of Text-to-Video Generation Models: A Dynamics Perspectivecited by 67
  12. 2024T2VSafetyBench: Evaluating the Safety of Text-to-Video Generative Modelscited by 66
  13. 2023TokenCompose: Text-to-Image Diffusion with Token-level Supervisioncited by 40
  14. 2024SafeSora: Towards Safety Alignment of Text2Video Generation via a Human Preference Datasetcited by 35
  15. 2023StoryBench: A Multifaceted Benchmark for Continuous Story Visualizationcited by 29
  16. 2024OmniControlNet: Dual-stage Integration for Conditional Image Generationcited by 24
  17. 2025High-Order Matching for One-Step Shortcut Diffusion Modelscited by 15
  18. 2025Force Matching with Relativistic Constraints: A Physics-Inspired Approach to Stable and Efficient Generative Modelingcited by 12
  19. 2025Text-to-Image Diffusion Models Cannot Count, and Prompt Refinement Cannot Helpcited by 12
  20. 2025On Computational Limits of FlowAR Models: Expressivity and Efficiencycited by 10
  21. 2025Theoretical Guarantees for High Order Trajectory Refinement in Generative Flowscited by 10
  22. 2025Text-to-Edit: Controllable End-to-End Video Ad Creation via Multimodal LLMscited by 7
  23. 2025RichSpace: Enriching Text-to-Video Prompt Space via Text Embedding Interpolationcited by 6

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2025: 9; 2026: 1.

10 papers.

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2026RepProbe: Can Video Language Models Count Repeated Actions? A Diagnostic Benchmark
  2. 2025Can Current AI Models Count What We Mean, Not What They See? A Benchmark and Systematic Evaluation
  3. 2022Human Evaluation of Text-to-Image Models on a Multi-Task Benchmark
  4. 2025Video-Bench: Human-Aligned Video Generation Benchmark
  5. 2025CountSteer: Steering Attention for Object Counting in Diffusion Models
  6. 2025SeqBench: Benchmarking Sequential Narrative Generation in Text-to-Video Models
  7. 2025VideoVerse: Does Your T2V Generator Have World Model Capability to Synthesize Videos?
  8. 2026The Count Is There, but Misaligned: Understanding and Correcting Counting Failures in VLMs