PF3Det: A Prompted Foundation Feature Assisted Visual LiDAR 3D Detector
Not on the map. Why?
Abstract (arXiv)
3D object detection is crucial for autonomous driving, leveraging both LiDAR point clouds for precise depth information and camera images for rich semantic information. Therefore, the multi-modal methods that combine both modalities offer more robust detection results. However, efficiently fusing LiDAR points and images remains challenging due to the domain gaps. In addition, the performance of many models is limited by the amount of high quality labeled data, which is expensive to create. The recent advances in foundation models, which use large-scale pre-training on different modalities, enable better multi-modal fusion. Combining the prompt engineering techniques for efficient training, we propose the Prompted Foundational 3D Detector (PF3Det), which integrates foundation model encoders and soft prompts to enhance LiDAR-camera feature fusion. PF3Det achieves the state-of-the-art results under limited training data, improving NDS by 1.19% and mAP by 2.42% on the nuScenes dataset, demonstrating its efficiency in 3D detection.
Key facts. Cited by 4 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 58 of its 66 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 4 Apr 2025.
Builds on
58 of 66 references.
References · 58
- 2015Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognitioncited by 51,809
- 2021Learning Transferable Visual Models From Natural Language Supervisioncited by 33,456
- 2020Language Models are Few-Shot Learnerscited by 32,199
- 2020An Image is Worth 16x16 Words: Transformers for Image Recognition at Scalecited by 29,915
- 2023GPT-4 Technical Reportcited by 18,132
- 2021LoRA: Low-Rank Adaptation of Large Language Modelscited by 14,084
- 2022Chain-of-Thought Prompting Elicits Reasoning in Large Language Modelscited by 12,302
- 2023Segment Anythingcited by 8,158
- 2017Mask R-CNNcited by 7,259
- 2016Feature Pyramid Networks for Object Detectioncited by 5,021
- 2019nuScenes: A multimodal dataset for autonomous drivingcited by 4,485
- 2021Scaling Up Visual and Vision-Language Representation Learning With Noisy Text Supervisioncited by 3,848
38 more
- 2021The Power of Scale for Parameter-Efficient Prompt Tuningcited by 3,769
- 2015ShapeNet: An Information-Rich 3D Model Repositorycited by 2,880
- 2022Visual Prompt Tuningcited by 1,674
- 2017VoxelNet: End-to-End Learning for Point Cloud Based 3D Object Detectioncited by 1,323
- 2019VisualBERT: A Simple and Performant Baseline for Vision and Languagecited by 1,291
- 2016Multi-View 3D Object Detection Network for Autonomous Drivingcited by 721
- 2022A Survey on In-context Learningcited by 717
- 2021GPT Understands, Toocited by 715
- 2021Point-BERT: Pre-training 3D Point Cloud Transformers with Masked Point Modelingcited by 647
- 2017Frustum PointNets for 3D Object Detection from RGB-D Datacited by 640
- 2021PointCLIP: Point Cloud Understanding by CLIPcited by 461
- 2019PointPainting: Sequential Fusion for 3D Object Detectioncited by 449
- 2022BEVFusion: A Simple and Robust LiDAR-Camera Fusion Frameworkcited by 334
- 2023PointLLM: Empowering Large Language Models to Understand Point Cloudscited by 326
- 2017Joint 3D Proposal Generation and Object Detection from View Aggregationcited by 325
- 2023AudioGPT: Understanding and Generating Speech, Music, Sound, and Talking Headcited by 264
- 2020Deep Continuous Fusion for Multi-Sensor 3D Object Detectioncited by 263
- 2022ULIP: Learning a Unified Representation of Language, Images, and Point Clouds for 3D Understandingcited by 262
- 2023Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning Methods for Pretrained Language Models: A Critical Review and Assessmentcited by 227
- 2022DeepFusion: Lidar-Camera Deep Fusion for Multi-Modal 3D Object Detectioncited by 224
- 2020Multi-Task Multi-Sensor Fusion for 3D Object Detectioncited by 203
- 2021Probabilistic and Geometric Depth: Detecting Objects in Perspectivecited by 190
- 20203D-CVF: Generating Joint Camera and LiDAR Features Using Cross-View Spatial Feature Fusion for 3D Object Detectioncited by 176
- 2017PointFusion: Deep Sensor Fusion for 3D Bounding Box Estimationcited by 170
- 2021Multimodal Virtual Point 3D Detectioncited by 166
- 2019MVX-Net: Multimodal VoxelNet for 3D Object Detectioncited by 162
- 2020CLOCs: Camera-LiDAR Object Candidates Fusion for 3D Object Detectioncited by 147
- 2023Meta-Transformer: A Unified Framework for Multimodal Learningcited by 136
- 20223D Object Detection for Autonomous Driving: A Comprehensive Surveycited by 132
- 2023Foundational Models Defining a New Era in Vision: A Survey and Outlookcited by 109
- 2022MSMDFusion: Fusing LiDAR and Camera at Multiple Scales with Multi-Depth Seeds for 3D Object Detectioncited by 62
- 2022CLIP-GEN: Language-Free Training of a Text-to-Image Generator with CLIPcited by 60
- 2024Multi-Modal Data-Efficient 3D Scene Understanding for Autonomous Drivingcited by 53
- 2022LESS: Label-Efficient Semantic Segmentation for LiDAR Point Cloudscited by 41
- 2022Robust Structured Declarative Classifiers for 3D Point Clouds: Defending Adversarial Attacks with Implicit Gradientscited by 17
- 2018A General Pipeline for 3D Detection of Vehiclescited by 15
- 2022FusionRCNN: LiDAR-Camera Fusion for Two-stage 3D Object Detectioncited by 14
- 2024Depth-Wise Convolutions in Vision Transformers for Efficient Training on Small Datasetscited by 14
50 most cited of 58 All 58 (JSON)
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2025: 1; 2026: 3.
4 papers.
- 2025Towards Open-Vocabulary Multimodal 3D Object Detection with Attributescited by 2
- 2026Privacy-Concealing Cooperative Perception for BEV Scene Segmentationcited by 2
- 2026Distilling 3D Spatial Reasoning into a Lightweight Vision-Language Model with CoTcited by 0
- 2026RAF: Reliability-Aware Fusion of Camera, LiDAR, and 4D RADAR for Robust 3D Object Detection in Adverse Weathercited by 0
- 2026RAF: Reliability-Aware Fusion of Camera, LiDAR, and 4D RADAR for Robust 3D Object Detection in Adverse Weather6 Jul 2026
- 2026Distilling 3D Spatial Reasoning into a Lightweight Vision-Language Model with CoT10 May 2026
- 2026Privacy-Concealing Cooperative Perception for BEV Scene Segmentation14 Feb 2026
- 2025Towards Open-Vocabulary Multimodal 3D Object Detection with Attributes22 Aug 2025