mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

KOFFVQA: An Objectively Evaluated Free-form VQA Benchmark for Large Vision-Language Models in the Korean Language

arXiv 2503.23730 ↗First posted 31 Mar 2025cs.CV cs.AI cs.CLcited by 5

On the map: Multimodal LLMs / vision-language models → VLM benchmarks and visual reasoning

Abstract (arXiv)

The recent emergence of Large Vision-Language Models(VLMs) has resulted in a variety of different benchmarks for evaluating such models. Despite this, we observe that most existing evaluation methods suffer from the fact that they either require the model to choose from pre-determined responses, sacrificing open-endedness, or evaluate responses using a judge model, resulting in subjective and unreliable evaluation. In addition, we observe a lack of benchmarks for VLMs in the Korean language, which are necessary as a separate metric from more common English language benchmarks, as the performance of generative language models can differ significantly based on the language being used. Therefore, we present KOFFVQA, a general-purpose free-form visual question answering benchmark in the Korean language for the evaluation of VLMs. Our benchmark consists of 275 carefully crafted questions each paired with an image and grading criteria covering 10 different aspects of VLM performance. The grading criteria eliminate the problem of unreliability by allowing the judge model to grade each response based on a pre-determined set of rules. By defining the evaluation criteria in an objective manner, even a small open-source model can be used to evaluate models on our benchmark reliably. In addition to evaluating a large number of existing VLMs on our benchmark, we also experimentally verify that our method of using pre-existing grading criteria for evaluation is much more reliable than existing methods. Our evaluation code is available at https://github.com/maum-ai/KOFFVQA

Key facts. Cited by 5 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in VLM benchmarks and visual reasoning, one of 16 directions in Multimodal LLMs / vision-language models. Builds on 49 of its 58 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 31 Mar 2025.

Builds on

49 of 58 references.

Closest ancestors · 6

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2024VLR-Bench: Multilingual Benchmark Dataset for Vision-Language Retrieval Augmented Generation13 Dec
  2. 2024VARCO-VISION: Expanding Frontiers in Korean Vision-Language Models28 Nov
  3. 2024Building and better understanding vision-language models: insights and future directions22 Aug
  4. 2024Are We on the Right Way for Evaluating Large Vision-Language Models?29 Mar
  5. 2024Prometheus-Vision: Vision-Language Model as a Judge for Fine-Grained Evaluation12 Jan
  6. 2023MathVista: Evaluating Mathematical Reasoning of Foundation Models in Visual Contexts3 Oct

Other references · 43

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Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2025: 2; 2026: 3.

5 papers.

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

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  5. 2025A Survey of State of the Art Large Vision Language Models: Alignment, Benchmark, Evaluations and Challenges
  6. 2024Natural Language Understanding and Inference with MLLM in Visual Question Answering: A Survey
  7. 2024DARE: Diverse Visual Question Answering with Robustness Evaluation
  8. 2025"See the World, Discover Knowledge": A Chinese Factuality Evaluation for Large Vision Language Models