Guiding Vision-Language Model Selection for Visual Question-Answering Across Tasks, Domains, and Knowledge Types
On the map: Multimodal LLMs / vision-language models → VLM benchmarks and visual reasoning
Abstract (arXiv)
Visual Question-Answering (VQA) has become key to user experience, particularly after improved generalization capabilities of Vision-Language Models (VLMs). But evaluating VLMs for an application requirement using a standardized framework in practical settings is still challenging. This paper aims to solve that using an end-to-end framework. We present VQA360 - a novel dataset derived from established VQA benchmarks, annotated with task types, application domains, and knowledge types, for a comprehensive evaluation. We also introduce GoEval, a multimodal evaluation metric developed using GPT-4o, achieving a correlation factor of 56.71% with human judgments. Our experiments with state-of-the-art VLMs reveal that no single model excels universally, thus, making a right choice a key design decision. Proprietary models such as Gemini-1.5-Pro and GPT-4o-mini generally outperform others, but open-source models like InternVL-2-8B and CogVLM-2-Llama-3-19B also demonstrate competitive strengths, while providing additional advantages. Our framework can also be extended to other tasks.
Key facts. Cited by 9 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in VLM benchmarks and visual reasoning, one of 16 directions in Multimodal LLMs / vision-language models. Builds on 26 of its 36 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 14 Sep 2024.
Builds on
26 of 36 references.
Closest ancestors · 4
Same direction, newest first
- 2024CogVLM2: Visual Language Models for Image and Video Understanding29 Aug
- 2024PaliGemma: A versatile 3B VLM for transfer10 Jul
- 2024Efficient Vision-Language Pre-training by Cluster Masking14 May
- 2023Qwen-VL: A Versatile Vision-Language Model for Understanding, Localization, Text Reading, and Beyond24 Aug
Other references · 22
- 2020Language Models are Few-Shot Learnerscited by 32,199
- 2023BLIP-2: Bootstrapping Language-Image Pre-training with Frozen Image Encoders and Large Language Modelscited by 6,069
- 2019BERTScore: Evaluating Text Generation with BERTcited by 5,462
- 2023Improved Baselines with Visual Instruction Tuningcited by 4,362
- 2023FlashAttention-2: Faster Attention with Better Parallelism and Work Partitioningcited by 2,551
- 2023InternVL: Scaling up Vision Foundation Models and Aligning for Generic Visual-Linguistic Taskscited by 2,534
- 2016Making the V in VQA Matter: Elevating the Role of Image Understanding in Visual Question Answeringcited by 2,498
- 2015VQA: Visual Question Answeringcited by 2,489
- 2023G-Eval: NLG Evaluation using GPT-4 with Better Human Alignmentcited by 2,205
- 2022ChartQA: A Benchmark for Question Answering about Charts with Visual and Logical Reasoningcited by 1,449
- 2015Microsoft COCO Captions: Data Collection and Evaluation Servercited by 1,447
- 2021Conceptual 12M: Pushing Web-Scale Image-Text Pre-Training To Recognize Long-Tail Visual Conceptscited by 1,209
10 more
- 2019OK-VQA: A Visual Question Answering Benchmark Requiring External Knowledgecited by 1,114
- 2024How Far Are We to GPT-4V? Closing the Gap to Commercial Multimodal Models with Open-Source Suitescited by 1,033
- 2022A-OKVQA: A Benchmark for Visual Question Answering using World Knowledgecited by 702
- 2023VILA: On Pre-training for Visual Language Modelscited by 686
- 2023Evaluating Open-Domain Question Answering in the Era of Large Language Modelscited by 110
- 2017An Analysis of Visual Question Answering Algorithmscited by 90
- 2023SciGraphQA: A Large-Scale Synthetic Multi-Turn Question-Answering Dataset for Scientific Graphscited by 66
- 2023Generate then Select: Open-ended Visual Question Answering Guided by World Knowledgecited by 16
- 2023CLAP: Isolating Content from Style through Contrastive Learning with Augmented Promptscited by 10
- 2024Are Small Language Models Ready to Compete with Large Language Models for Practical Applications?cited by 9
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2024: 1; 2025: 7; 2026: 1.
9 papers.
- 2025LogicQA: Logical Anomaly Detection with Vision Language Model Generated Questionscited by 8
- 2025LVLMs are Bad at Overhearing Human Referential Communicationcited by 8
- 2025QA-prompting: Improving Summarization with Large Language Models using Question-Answeringcited by 4
- 2025mRAG: Elucidating the Design Space of Multi-modal Retrieval-Augmented Generationcited by 4
- 2024Exploring Foundation Models in Remote Sensing Image Change Detection: A Comprehensive Surveycited by 3
- 2025Focus: A Streaming Concentration Architecture for Efficient Vision-Language Modelscited by 3
- 2025TALENT: Table VQA via Augmented Language-Enhanced Natural-text Transcriptioncited by 2
- 2025Exploring Primitive Visual Measurement Understanding and the Role of Output Format in Learning in Vision-Language Modelscited by 1
- 2026SafeLens: Deliberate and Efficient Video Guardrails with Fast-and-Slow Screeningcited by 0
- 2026SafeLens: Deliberate and Efficient Video Guardrails with Fast-and-Slow Screening17 May 2026
- 2025Focus: A Streaming Concentration Architecture for Efficient Vision-Language Models16 Dec 2025
- 2025TALENT: Table VQA via Augmented Language-Enhanced Natural-text Transcription8 Oct 2025
- 2025LVLMs are Bad at Overhearing Human Referential Communication15 Sep 2025
- 2025mRAG: Elucidating the Design Space of Multi-modal Retrieval-Augmented Generation29 May 2025
- 2025QA-prompting: Improving Summarization with Large Language Models using Question-Answering20 May 2025
- 2025LogicQA: Logical Anomaly Detection with Vision Language Model Generated Questions26 Mar 2025
- 2025Exploring Primitive Visual Measurement Understanding and the Role of Output Format in Learning in Vision-Language Models25 Jan 2025
- 2024Exploring Foundation Models in Remote Sensing Image Change Detection: A Comprehensive Survey10 Oct 2024
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