mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Guiding Vision-Language Model Selection for Visual Question-Answering Across Tasks, Domains, and Knowledge Types

arXiv 2409.09269 ↗First posted 14 Sep 2024cs.CV cs.AI cs.CLcited by 9

On the map: Multimodal LLMs / vision-language models → VLM benchmarks and visual reasoning

Abstract (arXiv)

Visual Question-Answering (VQA) has become key to user experience, particularly after improved generalization capabilities of Vision-Language Models (VLMs). But evaluating VLMs for an application requirement using a standardized framework in practical settings is still challenging. This paper aims to solve that using an end-to-end framework. We present VQA360 - a novel dataset derived from established VQA benchmarks, annotated with task types, application domains, and knowledge types, for a comprehensive evaluation. We also introduce GoEval, a multimodal evaluation metric developed using GPT-4o, achieving a correlation factor of 56.71% with human judgments. Our experiments with state-of-the-art VLMs reveal that no single model excels universally, thus, making a right choice a key design decision. Proprietary models such as Gemini-1.5-Pro and GPT-4o-mini generally outperform others, but open-source models like InternVL-2-8B and CogVLM-2-Llama-3-19B also demonstrate competitive strengths, while providing additional advantages. Our framework can also be extended to other tasks.

Key facts. Cited by 9 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in VLM benchmarks and visual reasoning, one of 16 directions in Multimodal LLMs / vision-language models. Builds on 26 of its 36 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 14 Sep 2024.

Builds on

26 of 36 references.

Closest ancestors · 4

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2024CogVLM2: Visual Language Models for Image and Video Understanding29 Aug
  2. 2024PaliGemma: A versatile 3B VLM for transfer10 Jul
  3. 2024Efficient Vision-Language Pre-training by Cluster Masking14 May
  4. 2023Qwen-VL: A Versatile Vision-Language Model for Understanding, Localization, Text Reading, and Beyond24 Aug

Other references · 22

  1. 2020Language Models are Few-Shot Learnerscited by 32,199
  2. 2023BLIP-2: Bootstrapping Language-Image Pre-training with Frozen Image Encoders and Large Language Modelscited by 6,069
  3. 2019BERTScore: Evaluating Text Generation with BERTcited by 5,462
  4. 2023Improved Baselines with Visual Instruction Tuningcited by 4,362
  5. 2023FlashAttention-2: Faster Attention with Better Parallelism and Work Partitioningcited by 2,551
  6. 2023InternVL: Scaling up Vision Foundation Models and Aligning for Generic Visual-Linguistic Taskscited by 2,534
  7. 2016Making the V in VQA Matter: Elevating the Role of Image Understanding in Visual Question Answeringcited by 2,498
  8. 2015VQA: Visual Question Answeringcited by 2,489
  9. 2023G-Eval: NLG Evaluation using GPT-4 with Better Human Alignmentcited by 2,205
  10. 2022ChartQA: A Benchmark for Question Answering about Charts with Visual and Logical Reasoningcited by 1,449
  11. 2015Microsoft COCO Captions: Data Collection and Evaluation Servercited by 1,447
  12. 2021Conceptual 12M: Pushing Web-Scale Image-Text Pre-Training To Recognize Long-Tail Visual Conceptscited by 1,209
10 more
  1. 2019OK-VQA: A Visual Question Answering Benchmark Requiring External Knowledgecited by 1,114
  2. 2024How Far Are We to GPT-4V? Closing the Gap to Commercial Multimodal Models with Open-Source Suitescited by 1,033
  3. 2022A-OKVQA: A Benchmark for Visual Question Answering using World Knowledgecited by 702
  4. 2023VILA: On Pre-training for Visual Language Modelscited by 686
  5. 2023Evaluating Open-Domain Question Answering in the Era of Large Language Modelscited by 110
  6. 2017An Analysis of Visual Question Answering Algorithmscited by 90
  7. 2023SciGraphQA: A Large-Scale Synthetic Multi-Turn Question-Answering Dataset for Scientific Graphscited by 66
  8. 2023Generate then Select: Open-ended Visual Question Answering Guided by World Knowledgecited by 16
  9. 2023CLAP: Isolating Content from Style through Contrastive Learning with Augmented Promptscited by 10
  10. 2024Are Small Language Models Ready to Compete with Large Language Models for Practical Applications?cited by 9

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2024: 1; 2025: 7; 2026: 1.

9 papers.

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2025Exploring Advanced Techniques for Visual Question Answering: A Comprehensive Comparison
  2. 2025The Quest for Visual Understanding: A Journey Through the Evolution of Visual Question Answering
  3. 2023From Image to Language: A Critical Analysis of Visual Question Answering (VQA) Approaches, Challenges, and Opportunities
  4. 2024Natural Language Understanding and Inference with MLLM in Visual Question Answering: A Survey
  5. 2025Visual question answering: from early developments to recent advances -- a survey
  6. 2024A Comprehensive Survey on Visual Question Answering Datasets and Algorithms
  7. 2023Language Guided Visual Question Answering: Elevate Your Multimodal Language Model Using Knowledge-Enriched Prompts
  8. 2024Towards Flexible Evaluation for Generative Visual Question Answering