mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Vehicular Road Crack Detection with Deep Learning: A New Online Benchmark for Comprehensive Evaluation of Existing Algorithms

arXiv 2503.18082 ↗First posted 23 Mar 2025cs.CV eess.IVcited by 1

Not on the map. Why?

Abstract (arXiv)

In the emerging field of urban digital twins (UDTs), advancing intelligent road inspection (IRI) vehicles with automatic road crack detection systems is essential for maintaining civil infrastructure. Over the past decade, deep learning-based road crack detection methods have been developed to detect cracks more efficiently, accurately, and objectively, with the goal of replacing manual visual inspection. Nonetheless, there is a lack of systematic reviews on state-of-the-art (SoTA) deep learning techniques, especially data-fusion and label-efficient algorithms for this task. This paper thoroughly reviews the SoTA deep learning-based algorithms, including (1) supervised, (2) unsupervised, (3) semi-supervised, and (4) weakly-supervised methods developed for road crack detection. Also, we create a dataset called UDTIRI-Crack, comprising 2,500 high-quality images from seven public annotated sources, as the first extensive online benchmark in this field. Comprehensive experiments are conducted to compare the detection performance, computational efficiency, and generalizability of public SoTA deep learning-based algorithms for road crack detection. In addition, the feasibility of foundation models and large language models (LLMs) for road crack detection is explored. Afterwards, the existing challenges and future development trends of deep learning-based road crack detection algorithms are discussed. We believe this review can serve as practical guidance for developing intelligent road detection vehicles with the next-generation road condition assessment systems. The released benchmark UDTIRI-Crack is available at https://udtiri.com/submission/.

Key facts. Cited by 1 paper in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 53 of its 152 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 23 Mar 2025.

Builds on

53 of 152 references.

References · 53

  1. 2015Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognitioncited by 52,096
  2. 2020An Image is Worth 16x16 Words: Transformers for Image Recognition at Scalecited by 30,186
  3. 2020Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Modelscited by 21,076
  4. 2015U-Net: Convolutional Networks for Biomedical Image Segmentationcited by 19,713
  5. 2014Very Deep Convolutional Networks for Large-Scale Image Recognitioncited by 15,364
  6. 2021Swin Transformer: Hierarchical Vision Transformer using Shifted Windowscited by 12,139
  7. 2015Faster R-CNN: Towards Real-Time Object Detection with Region Proposal Networkscited by 9,639
  8. 2023Segment Anythingcited by 8,234
  9. 2022Generative Adversarial Networkscited by 5,627
  10. 2015Rethinking the Inception Architecture for Computer Visioncited by 5,475
  11. 2014Fully Convolutional Networks for Semantic Segmentationcited by 4,859
  12. 2017Squeeze-and-Excitation Networkscited by 4,789
38 more
  1. 2017MobileNets: Efficient Convolutional Neural Networks for Mobile Vision Applicationscited by 3,845
  2. 2018Encoder-Decoder with Atrous Separable Convolution for Semantic Image Segmentationcited by 3,223
  3. 2021SegFormer: Simple and Efficient Design for Semantic Segmentation with Transformerscited by 2,940
  4. 2024SAM 2: Segment Anything in Images and Videoscited by 2,863
  5. 2016Pyramid Scene Parsing Networkcited by 2,479
  6. 2015Learning Deep Features for Discriminative Localizationcited by 2,436
  7. 2016Xception: Deep Learning with Depthwise Separable Convolutionscited by 2,332
  8. 2017Rethinking Atrous Convolution for Semantic Image Segmentationcited by 2,161
  9. 2020YOLOv4: Optimal Speed and Accuracy of Object Detectioncited by 1,630
  10. 2021TransUNet: Transformers Make Strong Encoders for Medical Image Segmentationcited by 1,558
  11. 2015SegNet: A Deep Convolutional Encoder-Decoder Architecture for Image Segmentationcited by 1,487
  12. 2016YOLO9000: Better, Faster, Strongercited by 1,431
  13. 2017Cascade R-CNN: Delving into High Quality Object Detectioncited by 1,276
  14. 2021YOLOX: Exceeding YOLO Series in 2021cited by 1,071
  15. 2024Grounded SAM: Assembling Open-World Models for Diverse Visual Taskscited by 929
  16. 2018BiSeNet: Bilateral Segmentation Network for Real-time Semantic Segmentationcited by 645
  17. 2019UNet++: Redesigning Skip Connections to Exploit Multiscale Features in Image Segmentationcited by 586
  18. 2014Semantic Image Segmentation with Deep Convolutional Nets and Fully Connected CRFscited by 554
  19. 2017Progressive Neural Architecture Searchcited by 487
  20. 2021LeViT: a Vision Transformer in ConvNet's Clothing for Faster Inferencecited by 475
  21. 2020U2-Net: Going Deeper with Nested U-Structure for Salient Object Detectioncited by 412
  22. 2020Semi-Supervised Semantic Segmentation with Cross-Consistency Trainingcited by 376
  23. 2023Semantic-SAM: Segment and Recognize Anything at Any Granularitycited by 185
  24. 2019Feature Pyramid and Hierarchical Boosting Network for Pavement Crack Detectioncited by 80
  25. 2019LEDNet: A Lightweight Encoder-Decoder Network for Real-Time Semantic Segmentationcited by 50
  26. 2018Road Damage Detection Using Deep Neural Networks with Images Captured Through a Smartphonecited by 45
  27. 2019Pothole Detection Based on Disparity Transformation and Road Surface Modelingcited by 38
  28. 2019Road Crack Detection Using Deep Convolutional Neural Network and Adaptive Thresholdingcited by 33
  29. 2022RDD2022: A multi-national image dataset for automatic Road Damage Detectioncited by 32
  30. 2020Rethinking Road Surface 3D Reconstruction and Pothole Detection: From Perspective Transformation to Disparity Map Segmentationcited by 27
  31. 2019Road Damage Detection Based on Unsupervised Disparity Map Segmentationcited by 24
  32. 2023Head-Free Lightweight Semantic Segmentation with Linear Transformercited by 22
  33. 2023SCTNet: Single-Branch CNN with Transformer Semantic Information for Real-Time Segmentationcited by 22
  34. 2023A Convolutional-Transformer Network for Crack Segmentation with Boundary Awarenesscited by 12
  35. 2020Road Damage Detection and Classification with Detectron2 and Faster R-CNNcited by 11
  36. 2020Unsupervised Pixel-level Road Defect Detection via Adversarial Image-to-Frequency Transformcited by 9
  37. 2022NHA12D: A New Pavement Crack Dataset and a Comparison Study Of Crack Detection Algorithmscited by 8
  38. 2020An Iteratively Optimized Patch Label Inference Network for Automatic Pavement Distress Detectioncited by 7

50 most cited of 53 All 53 (JSON)

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2026: 1.

1 paper.