MPBench: A Comprehensive Multimodal Reasoning Benchmark for Process Errors Identification
On the map: LLM reasoning → Multimodal reasoning
Abstract (arXiv)
Reasoning is an essential capacity for large language models (LLMs) to address complex tasks, where the identification of process errors is vital for improving this ability. Recently, process-level reward models (PRMs) were proposed to provide step-wise rewards that facilitate reinforcement learning and data production during training and guide LLMs toward correct steps during inference, thereby improving reasoning accuracy. However, existing benchmarks of PRMs are text-based and focus on error detection, neglecting other scenarios like reasoning search. To address this gap, we introduce MPBench, a comprehensive, multi-task, multimodal benchmark designed to systematically assess the effectiveness of PRMs in diverse scenarios. MPBench employs three evaluation paradigms, each targeting a specific role of PRMs in the reasoning process: (1) Step Correctness, which assesses the correctness of each intermediate reasoning step; (2) Answer Aggregation, which aggregates multiple solutions and selects the best one; and (3) Reasoning Process Search, which guides the search for optimal reasoning steps during inference. Through these paradigms, MPBench makes comprehensive evaluations and provides insights into the development of multimodal PRMs.
Key facts. Cited by 13 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Multimodal reasoning, one of 17 directions in LLM reasoning. Builds on 16 of its 22 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 16 Mar 2025.
Builds on
16 of 22 references.
Closest ancestors · 4
Same direction, newest first
- 2024CoMT: A Novel Benchmark for Chain of Multi-modal Thought on Large Vision-Language Models17 Dec
- 2024Expanding Performance Boundaries of Open-Source Multimodal Models with Model, Data, and Test-Time Scaling6 Dec
- 2024AtomThink: Multimodal Slow Thinking with Atomic Step Reasoning18 Nov
- 2024M3CoT: A Novel Benchmark for Multi-Domain Multi-step Multi-modal Chain-of-Thought26 May
Other references · 12
- 2021Measuring Mathematical Problem Solving With the MATH Datasetcited by 5,371
- 2023Let's Verify Step by Stepcited by 3,789
- 2024Scaling LLM Test-Time Compute Optimally can be More Effective than Scaling Model Parameterscited by 1,986
- 2022Solving math word problems with process- and outcome-based feedbackcited by 901
- 2024ProcessBench: Identifying Process Errors in Mathematical Reasoningcited by 292
- 2025PRMBench: A Fine-grained and Challenging Benchmark for Process-Level Reward Modelscited by 99
- 2024CriticBench: Benchmarking LLMs for Critique-Correct Reasoningcited by 88
- 2024Evaluating Mathematical Reasoning Beyond Accuracycited by 69
- 2023MR-GSM8K: A Meta-Reasoning Benchmark for Large Language Model Evaluationcited by 57
- 2024Is Your Model Really A Good Math Reasoner? Evaluating Mathematical Reasoning with Checklistcited by 48
- 2024Self-Explore: Enhancing Mathematical Reasoning in Language Models with Fine-grained Rewardscited by 31
- 2024MR-Ben: A Meta-Reasoning Benchmark for Evaluating System-2 Thinking in LLMscited by 30
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Citing papers per year: 2025: 7; 2026: 6.
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- 2025Perception, Reason, Think, and Plan: A Survey on Large Multimodal Reasoning Modelscited by 90
- 2025A Survey of Process Reward Models: From Outcome Signals to Process Supervisions for Large Language Modelscited by 38
- 2025Mathematical Proof as a Litmus Test: Revealing Failure Modes of Advanced Large Reasoning Modelscited by 20
- 2026Who&When Pro: Can LLMs Really Attribute Failures in AI Agents?cited by 18
- 2025Enhancing Large Language Model Reasoning with Reward Models: An Analytical Surveycited by 8
- 2026What, Whether and How? Unveiling Process Reward Models for Thinking with Images Reasoningcited by 7
- 2025PRISM-Bench: A Benchmark of Puzzle-Based Visual Tasks with CoT Error Detectioncited by 4
- 2025ConfProBench: A Confidence Evaluation Benchmark for MLLM-Based Process Judgescited by 1
- 2025From Perception to Reasoning: Deep Thinking Empowers Multimodal Large Language Modelscited by 1
- 2026Unified Hallucination Fuzzing for Multimodal Large Language Modelscited by 1
- 2026Process Rewards with Learned Reliabilitycited by 0
- 2026MAADBench: The Refreshable Paradigm for Anomaly Detection in Multi-Agent Systemscited by 0
1 more
- 2026StegoMemory: Agentic Memory Acts as Covert Steganographic Channel3 Oct 2026
- 2026MAADBench: The Refreshable Paradigm for Anomaly Detection in Multi-Agent Systems29 Sep 2026
- 2026Unified Hallucination Fuzzing for Multimodal Large Language Models15 Jul 2026
- 2026Who&When Pro: Can LLMs Really Attribute Failures in AI Agents?10 Jul 2026
- 2026Process Rewards with Learned Reliability15 May 2026
- 2026What, Whether and How? Unveiling Process Reward Models for Thinking with Images Reasoning9 Feb 2026
- 2025From Perception to Reasoning: Deep Thinking Empowers Multimodal Large Language Models17 Nov 2025
- 2025PRISM-Bench: A Benchmark of Puzzle-Based Visual Tasks with CoT Error Detection27 Oct 2025
- 2025A Survey of Process Reward Models: From Outcome Signals to Process Supervisions for Large Language Models9 Oct 2025
- 2025Enhancing Large Language Model Reasoning with Reward Models: An Analytical Survey2 Oct 2025
- 2025ConfProBench: A Confidence Evaluation Benchmark for MLLM-Based Process Judges6 Aug 2025
- 2025Mathematical Proof as a Litmus Test: Revealing Failure Modes of Advanced Large Reasoning Models20 Jun 2025
- 2025Perception, Reason, Think, and Plan: A Survey on Large Multimodal Reasoning Modelscited by 90
- 2025A Survey of Process Reward Models: From Outcome Signals to Process Supervisions for Large Language Modelscited by 38
- 2025Mathematical Proof as a Litmus Test: Revealing Failure Modes of Advanced Large Reasoning Modelscited by 20
- 2025Enhancing Large Language Model Reasoning with Reward Models: An Analytical Surveycited by 8
- 2026What, Whether and How? Unveiling Process Reward Models for Thinking with Images Reasoningcited by 7
- 2025PRISM-Bench: A Benchmark of Puzzle-Based Visual Tasks with CoT Error Detectioncited by 4
- 2025ConfProBench: A Confidence Evaluation Benchmark for MLLM-Based Process Judgescited by 1
- 2025From Perception to Reasoning: Deep Thinking Empowers Multimodal Large Language Modelscited by 1
- 2026Process Rewards with Learned Reliabilitycited by 0
- 2026Process Rewards with Learned Reliability15 May 2026
- 2026What, Whether and How? Unveiling Process Reward Models for Thinking with Images Reasoning9 Feb 2026
- 2025From Perception to Reasoning: Deep Thinking Empowers Multimodal Large Language Models17 Nov 2025
- 2025PRISM-Bench: A Benchmark of Puzzle-Based Visual Tasks with CoT Error Detection27 Oct 2025
- 2025A Survey of Process Reward Models: From Outcome Signals to Process Supervisions for Large Language Models9 Oct 2025
- 2025Enhancing Large Language Model Reasoning with Reward Models: An Analytical Survey2 Oct 2025
- 2025ConfProBench: A Confidence Evaluation Benchmark for MLLM-Based Process Judges6 Aug 2025
- 2025Mathematical Proof as a Litmus Test: Revealing Failure Modes of Advanced Large Reasoning Models20 Jun 2025
- 2025Perception, Reason, Think, and Plan: A Survey on Large Multimodal Reasoning Models8 May 2025
Similar, not cited
Close in wording, no citation either way
- 2025VisualPRM: An Effective Process Reward Model for Multimodal Reasoning
- 2025Athena: Enhancing Multimodal Reasoning with Data-efficient Process Reward Models
- 2025GM-PRM: A Generative Multimodal Process Reward Model for Multimodal Mathematical Reasoning
- 2025PRM-BAS: Enhancing Multimodal Reasoning through PRM-guided Beam Annealing Search
- 2026GR-Ben: A General Reasoning Benchmark for Evaluating Process Reward Models
- 2025Error Typing for Smarter Rewards: Improving Process Reward Models with Error-Aware Hierarchical Supervision
- 2025Unlocking Multimodal Mathematical Reasoning via Process Reward Model
- 2025TIM-PRM: Verifying multimodal reasoning with Tool-Integrated PRM