Image Quality Assessment: From Human to Machine Preference
Not on the map. Why?
Abstract (arXiv)
Image Quality Assessment (IQA) based on human subjective preferences has undergone extensive research in the past decades. However, with the development of communication protocols, the visual data consumption volume of machines has gradually surpassed that of humans. For machines, the preference depends on downstream tasks such as segmentation and detection, rather than visual appeal. Considering the huge gap between human and machine visual systems, this paper proposes the topic: Image Quality Assessment for Machine Vision for the first time. Specifically, we (1) defined the subjective preferences of machines, including downstream tasks, test models, and evaluation metrics; (2) established the Machine Preference Database (MPD), which contains 2.25M fine-grained annotations and 30k reference/distorted image pair instances; (3) verified the performance of mainstream IQA algorithms on MPD. Experiments show that current IQA metrics are human-centric and cannot accurately characterize machine preferences. We sincerely hope that MPD can promote the evolution of IQA from human to machine preferences. Project page is on: https://github.com/lcysyzxdxc/MPD.
Key facts. Cited by 12 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 67 of its 92 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 13 Mar 2025.
Builds on
67 of 92 references.
References · 67
- 2023GPT-4 Technical Reportcited by 18,396
- 2014Microsoft COCO: Common Objects in Contextcited by 17,608
- 2018The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Deep Features as a Perceptual Metriccited by 11,177
- 2015Faster R-CNN: Towards Real-Time Object Detection with Region Proposal Networkscited by 9,639
- 2023Visual Instruction Tuningcited by 7,869
- 2017Mask R-CNNcited by 7,277
- 2022Hierarchical Text-Conditional Image Generation with CLIP Latentscited by 6,585
- 2023BLIP-2: Bootstrapping Language-Image Pre-training with Frozen Image Encoders and Large Language Modelscited by 6,137
- 2024Qwen2-VL: Enhancing Vision-Language Model's Perception of the World at Any Resolutioncited by 4,234
- 2024LLaVA-OneVision: Easy Visual Task Transfercited by 2,719
- 2023InternVL: Scaling up Vision Foundation Models and Aligning for Generic Visual-Linguistic Taskscited by 2,565
- 2023MMBench: Is Your Multi-modal Model an All-around Player?cited by 2,141
38 more
- 2014CIDEr: Consensus-based Image Description Evaluationcited by 2,046
- 2024Phi-3 Technical Report: A Highly Capable Language Model Locally on Your Phonecited by 1,917
- 2022DINO: DETR with Improved DeNoising Anchor Boxes for End-to-End Object Detectioncited by 1,319
- 2021YOLOX: Exceeding YOLO Series in 2021cited by 1,071
- 2024How Far Are We to GPT-4V? Closing the Gap to Commercial Multimodal Models with Open-Source Suitescited by 1,050
- 2021GLM: General Language Model Pretraining with Autoregressive Blank Infillingcited by 1,031
- 2022Exploring CLIP for Assessing the Look and Feel of Imagescited by 991
- 2023PixArt-α: Fast Training of Diffusion Transformer for Photorealistic Text-to-Image Synthesiscited by 864
- 2016SPICE: Semantic Propositional Image Caption Evaluationcited by 824
- 2020Image Quality Assessment: Unifying Structure and Texture Similaritycited by 811
- 2024DeepSeek-VL: Towards Real-World Vision-Language Understandingcited by 733
- 2022Exploring Plain Vision Transformer Backbones for Object Detectioncited by 724
- 2023ConvNeXt V2: Co-designing and Scaling ConvNets with Masked Autoencoderscited by 712
- 2024LLaVA-NeXT-Interleave: Tackling Multi-image, Video, and 3D in Large Multimodal Modelscited by 584
- 2023mPLUG-Owl2: Revolutionizing Multi-modal Large Language Model with Modality Collaborationcited by 547
- 2019Object Detection in 20 Years: A Surveycited by 531
- 2024VLMEvalKit: An Open-Source Toolkit for Evaluating Large Multi-Modality Modelscited by 455
- 2017NIMA: Neural Image Assessmentcited by 389
- 2023Monkey: Image Resolution and Text Label Are Important Things for Large Multi-modal Modelscited by 357
- 2019KonIQ-10k: An ecologically valid database for deep learning of blind image quality assessmentcited by 355
- 2024InternLM-XComposer2: Mastering Free-form Text-Image Composition and Comprehension in Vision-Language Large Modelcited by 326
- 2019Blind Image Quality Assessment Using A Deep Bilinear Convolutional Neural Networkcited by 302
- 2024mPLUG-Owl3: Towards Long Image-Sequence Understanding in Multi-Modal Large Language Modelscited by 291
- 2024Playground v2.5: Three Insights towards Enhancing Aesthetic Quality in Text-to-Image Generationcited by 256
- 2023Q-Bench: A Benchmark for General-Purpose Foundation Models on Low-level Visioncited by 249
- 2023TOPIQ: A Top-down Approach from Semantics to Distortions for Image Quality Assessmentcited by 226
- 2022RTMDet: An Empirical Study of Designing Real-Time Object Detectorscited by 195
- 2018PieAPP: Perceptual Image-Error Assessment through Pairwise Preferencecited by 160
- 2020BoxInst: High-Performance Instance Segmentation with Box Annotationscited by 151
- 2023AGIQA-3K: An Open Database for AI-Generated Image Quality Assessmentcited by 142
- 2020Nonlinear Transform Codingcited by 136
- 2020Empowering Things with Intelligence: A Survey of the Progress, Challenges, and Opportunities in Artificial Intelligence of Thingscited by 111
- 2023ARNIQA: Learning Distortion Manifold for Image Quality Assessmentcited by 89
- 2022Text-Guided Synthesis of Artistic Images with Retrieval-Augmented Diffusion Modelscited by 64
- 2022Attentions Help CNNs See Better: Attention-based Hybrid Image Quality Assessment Networkcited by 57
- 2022Image-text Retrieval: A Survey on Recent Research and Developmentcited by 55
- 2023A Perceptual Quality Assessment Exploration for AIGC Imagescited by 55
- 2024Progressive Knowledge Distillation Of Stable Diffusion XL Using Layer Level Losscited by 52
50 most cited of 67 All 67 (JSON)
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2025: 4; 2026: 8.
12 papers.
- 2025RGC-VQA: An Exploration Database for Robotic-Generated Video Quality Assessmentcited by 4
- 2025Semantics versus Identity: A Divide-and-Conquer Approach towards Adjustable Medical Image De-Identificationcited by 2
- 2025ROFI: A Deep Learning-Based Ophthalmic Sign-Preserving and Reversible Patient Face Anonymizercited by 1
- 2026rPPG-VQA: A Video Quality Assessment Framework for Unsupervised rPPG Trainingcited by 1
- 2026MetaRanker: Human-in-the-loop Active Ranking for Metalens Image Qualitycited by 1
- 2025Image Quality Assessment for Machines: Paradigm, Large-scale Database, and Modelscited by 0
- 2026GT-PCQA: Geometry-Texture Decoupled Point Cloud Quality Assessment with MLLMcited by 0
- 2026Beyond Fidelity: Semantic Similarity Assessment in Low-Level Image Processingcited by 0
- 2026ML-CLIPSim: Multi-Layer CLIP Similarity for Machine-Oriented Image Qualitycited by 0
- 2026FDIR: Harmonizing Fidelity and Human-Machine Preference in Lossy Compression Image Restorationcited by 0
- 2026CAT-Flow: Curvature-Adaptive sTeps for Flow Matchingcited by 0
- 2026TaskGuard: Task-Conditioned Restoration Utility for Risk-Aware Object Detectioncited by 0
- 2026TaskGuard: Task-Conditioned Restoration Utility for Risk-Aware Object Detection7 Sep 2026
- 2026CAT-Flow: Curvature-Adaptive sTeps for Flow Matching1 Sep 2026
- 2026FDIR: Harmonizing Fidelity and Human-Machine Preference in Lossy Compression Image Restoration31 Jul 2026
- 2026MetaRanker: Human-in-the-loop Active Ranking for Metalens Image Quality28 May 2026
- 2026ML-CLIPSim: Multi-Layer CLIP Similarity for Machine-Oriented Image Quality10 May 2026
- 2026Beyond Fidelity: Semantic Similarity Assessment in Low-Level Image Processing28 Apr 2026
- 2026rPPG-VQA: A Video Quality Assessment Framework for Unsupervised rPPG Training13 Apr 2026
- 2026GT-PCQA: Geometry-Texture Decoupled Point Cloud Quality Assessment with MLLM16 Mar 2026
- 2025ROFI: A Deep Learning-Based Ophthalmic Sign-Preserving and Reversible Patient Face Anonymizer13 Oct 2025
- 2025Image Quality Assessment for Machines: Paradigm, Large-scale Database, and Models27 Aug 2025
- 2025Semantics versus Identity: A Divide-and-Conquer Approach towards Adjustable Medical Image De-Identification25 Jul 2025
- 2025RGC-VQA: An Exploration Database for Robotic-Generated Video Quality Assessment30 Jun 2025