Aligning Text to Image in Diffusion Models is Easier Than You Think
On the map: Diffusion models → Image generation, text-to-image and editing
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Abstract (arXiv)
While recent advancements in generative modeling have significantly improved text-image alignment, some residual misalignment between text and image representations still remains. Some approaches address this issue by fine-tuning models in terms of preference optimization, etc., which require tailored datasets. Orthogonal to these methods, we revisit the challenge from the perspective of representation alignment-an approach that has gained popularity with the success of REPresentation Alignment (REPA). We first argue that conventional text-to-image (T2I) diffusion models, typically trained on paired image and text data (i.e., positive pairs) by minimizing score matching or flow matching losses, is suboptimal from the standpoint of representation alignment. Instead, a better alignment can be achieved through contrastive learning that leverages existing dataset as both positive and negative pairs. To enable efficient alignment with pretrained models, we propose SoftREPA- a lightweight contrastive fine-tuning strategy that leverages soft text tokens for representation alignment. This approach improves alignment with minimal computational overhead by adding fewer than 1M trainable parameters to the pretrained model. Our theoretical analysis demonstrates that our method explicitly increases the mutual information between text and image representations, leading to enhanced semantic consistency. Experimental results across text-to-image generation and text-guided image editing tasks validate the effectiveness of our approach in improving the semantic consistency of T2I generative models.
Key facts. Cited by 21 papers in the map (data through 13 Oct 2026). Placed in Image generation, text-to-image and editing, one of 14 directions in Diffusion models. Builds on 41 of its 49 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 11 Mar 2025.
Builds on
41 of 49 references.
Closest ancestors · 3
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- 2024Not All Diffusion Model Activations Have Been Evaluated as Discriminative Features4 Oct
- 2023GenEval: An Object-Focused Framework for Evaluating Text-to-Image Alignment17 Oct
- 2023Attend-and-Excite: Attention-Based Semantic Guidance for Text-to-Image Diffusion Models31 Jan
Other references · 38
- 2021Learning Transferable Visual Models From Natural Language Supervisioncited by 33,588
- 2021High-Resolution Image Synthesis with Latent Diffusion Modelscited by 18,777
- 2014Microsoft COCO: Common Objects in Contextcited by 17,550
- 2024The Llama 3 Herd of Modelscited by 14,486
- 2020A Simple Framework for Contrastive Learning of Visual Representationscited by 12,009
- 2018The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Deep Features as a Perceptual Metriccited by 11,082
- 2020Denoising Diffusion Implicit Modelscited by 9,718
- 2023Visual Instruction Tuningcited by 7,827
- 2022Scalable Diffusion Models with Transformerscited by 5,973
- 2022Flow Matching for Generative Modelingcited by 5,542
- 2022Flamingo: a Visual Language Model for Few-Shot Learningcited by 4,363
- 2023SDXL: Improving Latent Diffusion Models for High-Resolution Image Synthesiscited by 4,323
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- 2022BLIP: Bootstrapping Language-Image Pre-training for Unified Vision-Language Understanding and Generationcited by 4,314
- 2024Scaling Rectified Flow Transformers for High-Resolution Image Synthesiscited by 4,130
- 2021Scaling Up Visual and Vision-Language Representation Learning With Noisy Text Supervisioncited by 3,855
- 2022Elucidating the Design Space of Diffusion-Based Generative Modelscited by 3,023
- 2021Learning to Prompt for Vision-Language Modelscited by 2,276
- 2022Visual Prompt Tuningcited by 1,677
- 2021Align before Fuse: Vision and Language Representation Learning with Momentum Distillationcited by 1,616
- 2022Conditional Prompt Learning for Vision-Language Modelscited by 1,431
- 2023ImageReward: Learning and Evaluating Human Preferences for Text-to-Image Generationcited by 1,028
- 2023Pick-a-Pic: An Open Dataset of User Preferences for Text-to-Image Generationcited by 961
- 2023Training Diffusion Models with Reinforcement Learningcited by 955
- 2024Chameleon: Mixed-Modal Early-Fusion Foundation Modelscited by 913
- 2022Plug-and-Play Diffusion Features for Text-Driven Image-to-Image Translationcited by 903
- 2023Human Preference Score v2: A Solid Benchmark for Evaluating Human Preferences of Text-to-Image Synthesiscited by 871
- 2023Diffusion Model Alignment Using Direct Preference Optimizationcited by 775
- 2023MasaCtrl: Tuning-Free Mutual Self-Attention Control for Consistent Image Synthesis and Editingcited by 725
- 2024Representation Alignment for Generation: Training Diffusion Transformers Is Easier Than You Thinkcited by 679
- 2021Maximum Likelihood Training of Score-Based Diffusion Modelscited by 671
- 2024FlowEdit: Inversion-Free Text-Based Editing Using Pre-Trained Flow Modelscited by 215
- 2024CFG++: Manifold-constrained Classifier Free Guidance for Diffusion Modelscited by 145
- 2023End-to-End Diffusion Latent Optimization Improves Classifier Guidancecited by 108
- 2024Track4Gen: Teaching Video Diffusion Models to Track Points Improves Video Generationcited by 43
- 2025Calibrated Multi-Preference Optimization for Aligning Diffusion Modelscited by 40
- 2023Interpretable Diffusion via Information Decompositioncited by 37
- 2024Scalable Ranked Preference Optimization for Text-to-Image Generationcited by 33
- 2024Optical-Flow Guided Prompt Optimization for Coherent Video Generationcited by 17
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Citing papers per year: 2025: 7; 2026: 14.
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- 2025Diffuse and Disperse: Image Generation with Representation Regularizationcited by 69
- 2026Stepwise Credit Assignment for GRPO on Flow-Matching Modelscited by 9
- 2026DreamWorld: Unified World Modeling in Video Generationcited by 6
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- 2026Representation Learning in Diffusion and Flow-based Model: An Application Aspect25 Aug 2026
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- 2026Introspective Attention Modulation for Safe Text-to-Image Generation16 Jul 2026
- 2026Learning Taxonomic Trees with Hierarchical Representation Regularization for Large Multimodal Models3 Jul 2026
- 2026DetailAnywhere: Fashion Detail Generation via Cross-Modal Feature Alignment Distillation2 Jul 2026
- 2026Alignment-Guided Score Matching for Text-to-Image Alignment in Diffusion Models28 May 2026
- 2026Offline Preference Optimization for Rectified Flow with Noise-Tracked Pairs10 May 2026
- 2026Stepwise Credit Assignment for GRPO on Flow-Matching Models30 Mar 2026
- 2026DiverseDiT: Towards Diverse Representation Learning in Diffusion Transformers4 Mar 2026
- 2026DreamWorld: Unified World Modeling in Video Generation28 Feb 2026
- 2026CORAL: Correspondence Alignment for Improved Virtual Try-On19 Feb 2026
9 more
- 2026Representation-Regularized Convolutional Audio Transformer for Audio Understanding29 Jan 2026
- 2026Boosting Latent Diffusion Models via Disentangled Representation Alignment9 Jan 2026
- 2025Direct Diffusion Score Preference Optimization via Stepwise Contrastive Policy-Pair Supervision29 Dec 2025
- 2025Repulsor: Accelerating Generative Modeling with a Contrastive Memory Bank9 Dec 2025
- 2025Reg-DPO: SFT-Regularized Direct Preference Optimization with GT-Pair for Improving Video Generation3 Nov 2025
- 2025Sprint: Sparse-Dense Residual Fusion for Efficient Diffusion Transformers24 Oct 2025
- 2025MATRIX: Mask Track Alignment for Interaction-aware Video Generation8 Oct 2025
- 2025Align Your Query: Representation Alignment for Multimodality Medical Object Detection3 Oct 2025
- 2025Diffuse and Disperse: Image Generation with Representation Regularization10 Jun 2025
- 2025Diffuse and Disperse: Image Generation with Representation Regularizationcited by 69
- 2026Stepwise Credit Assignment for GRPO on Flow-Matching Modelscited by 9
- 2025Sprint: Sparse-Dense Residual Fusion for Efficient Diffusion Transformerscited by 4
- 2026Boosting Latent Diffusion Models via Disentangled Representation Alignmentcited by 4
- 2026DiverseDiT: Towards Diverse Representation Learning in Diffusion Transformerscited by 4
- 2026DetailAnywhere: Fashion Detail Generation via Cross-Modal Feature Alignment Distillationcited by 3
- 2025Direct Diffusion Score Preference Optimization via Stepwise Contrastive Policy-Pair Supervisioncited by 2
- 2025Repulsor: Accelerating Generative Modeling with a Contrastive Memory Bankcited by 1
- 2026Offline Preference Optimization for Rectified Flow with Noise-Tracked Pairscited by 1
- 2026DiverseDiT++: Quantifying, Analyzing, and Promoting Representation Diversity in Diffusion Transformerscited by 1
- 2026Alignment-Guided Score Matching for Text-to-Image Alignment in Diffusion Modelscited by 0
- 2026Representation Learning in Diffusion and Flow-based Model: An Application Aspectcited by 0
12 most cited of 13 All 13 (JSON)
- 2026Beyond Random Couplings: Contrastive Noise Alignment in Generative Flows16 Sep 2026
- 2026Representation Learning in Diffusion and Flow-based Model: An Application Aspect25 Aug 2026
- 2026DiverseDiT++: Quantifying, Analyzing, and Promoting Representation Diversity in Diffusion Transformers4 Aug 2026
- 2026DetailAnywhere: Fashion Detail Generation via Cross-Modal Feature Alignment Distillation2 Jul 2026
- 2026Alignment-Guided Score Matching for Text-to-Image Alignment in Diffusion Models28 May 2026
- 2026Offline Preference Optimization for Rectified Flow with Noise-Tracked Pairs10 May 2026
- 2026Stepwise Credit Assignment for GRPO on Flow-Matching Models30 Mar 2026
- 2026DiverseDiT: Towards Diverse Representation Learning in Diffusion Transformers4 Mar 2026
- 2026Boosting Latent Diffusion Models via Disentangled Representation Alignment9 Jan 2026
- 2025Direct Diffusion Score Preference Optimization via Stepwise Contrastive Policy-Pair Supervision29 Dec 2025
- 2025Repulsor: Accelerating Generative Modeling with a Contrastive Memory Bank9 Dec 2025
- 2025Sprint: Sparse-Dense Residual Fusion for Efficient Diffusion Transformers24 Oct 2025
12 newest of 13 All 13 (JSON)
- 2026DreamWorld: Unified World Modeling in Video Generationcited by 6
- 2026DreamWorld: Unified World Modeling in Video Generation28 Feb 2026
- 2025MATRIX: Mask Track Alignment for Interaction-aware Video Generationcited by 4
- 2026CORAL: Correspondence Alignment for Improved Virtual Try-Oncited by 1
- 2025Align Your Query: Representation Alignment for Multimodality Medical Object Detectioncited by 0
- 2026Representation-Regularized Convolutional Audio Transformer for Audio Understandingcited by 0
- 2026Introspective Attention Modulation for Safe Text-to-Image Generationcited by 0
- 2026Introspective Attention Modulation for Safe Text-to-Image Generation16 Jul 2026
- 2026CORAL: Correspondence Alignment for Improved Virtual Try-On19 Feb 2026
- 2026Representation-Regularized Convolutional Audio Transformer for Audio Understanding29 Jan 2026
- 2025MATRIX: Mask Track Alignment for Interaction-aware Video Generation8 Oct 2025
- 2025Align Your Query: Representation Alignment for Multimodality Medical Object Detection3 Oct 2025
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