mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

S-Graphs 2.0 -- A Hierarchical-Semantic Optimization and Loop Closure for SLAM

arXiv 2502.18044 ↗First posted 25 Feb 2025cs.RO cs.CV cs.SEcited by 5

Not on the map. Why?

Abstract (arXiv)

The hierarchical structure of 3D scene graphs shows a high relevance for representations purposes, as it fits common patterns from man-made environments. But, additionally, the semantic and geometric information in such hierarchical representations could be leveraged to speed up the optimization and management of map elements and robot poses. In this direction, we present our work Situational Graphs 2.0 (S-Graphs 2.0), which leverages the hierarchical structure of indoor scenes for efficient data management and optimization. Our algorithm begins by constructing a situational graph that represents the environment into four layers: Keyframes, Walls, Rooms, and Floors. Our first novelty lies in the front-end, which includes a floor detection module capable of identifying stairways and assigning floor-level semantic relations to the underlying layers. Floor-level semantics allows us to propose a floor-based loop closure strategy, that effectively rejects false positive closures that typically appear due to aliasing between different floors of a building. Our second novelty lies in leveraging our representation hierarchy in the optimization. Our proposal consists of: (1) local optimization over a window of recent keyframes and their connected components across the four representation layers, (2) floor-level global optimization, which focuses only on keyframes and their connections within the current floor during loop closures, and (3) room-level local optimization, marginalizing redundant keyframes that share observations within the room, which reduces the computational footprint. We validate our algorithm extensively in different real multi-floor environments. Our approach shows state-of-art-art accuracy metrics in large-scale multi-floor environments, estimating hierarchical representations up to 10x faster, in average, than competing baselines

Key facts. Cited by 5 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 24 of its 30 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 25 Feb 2025.

Builds on

24 of 30 references.

References · 24

  1. 2020ORB-SLAM3: An Accurate Open-Source Library for Visual, Visual-Inertial and Multi-Map SLAMcited by 862
  2. 2016Past, Present, and Future of Simultaneous Localization And Mapping: Towards the Robust-Perception Agecited by 405
  3. 20193D Scene Graph: A Structure for Unified Semantics, 3D Space, and Cameracited by 280
  4. 2020Learning 3D Semantic Scene Graphs from 3D Indoor Reconstructionscited by 205
  5. 2020LIO-SAM: Tightly-coupled Lidar Inertial Odometry via Smoothing and Mappingcited by 185
  6. 2021FAST-LIO2: Fast Direct LiDAR-inertial Odometrycited by 170
  7. 2021SceneGraphFusion: Incremental 3D Scene Graph Prediction from RGB-D Sequencescited by 159
  8. 20203D Dynamic Scene Graphs: Actionable Spatial Perception with Places, Objects, and Humanscited by 141
  9. 2021SuMa++: Efficient LiDAR-based Semantic SLAMcited by 100
  10. 20193-D Scene Graph: A Sparse and Semantic Representation of Physical Environments for Intelligent Agentscited by 74
  11. 2021Scan Context++: Structural Place Recognition Robust to Rotation and Lateral Variations in Urban Environmentscited by 72
  12. 2020FAST-LIO: A Fast, Robust LiDAR-inertial Odometry Package by Tightly-Coupled Iterated Kalman Filtercited by 70
12 more
  1. 2023Foundations of Spatial Perception for Robotics: Hierarchical Representations and Real-time Systemscited by 60
  2. 2019SegMap: Segment-based mapping and localization using data-driven descriptorscited by 42
  3. 2023Collaborative Dynamic 3D Scene Graphs for Automated Drivingcited by 34
  4. 2022S-Graphs+: Real-time Localization and Mapping leveraging Hierarchical Representationscited by 28
  5. 2020BALM: Bundle Adjustment for Lidar Mappingcited by 27
  6. 2018Efficient Continuous-Time SLAM for 3D Lidar-Based Online Mappingcited by 23
  7. 2022Hilti-Oxford Dataset: A Millimetre-Accurate Benchmark for Simultaneous Localization and Mappingcited by 22
  8. 2022Situational Graphs for Robot Navigation in Structured Indoor Environmentscited by 21
  9. 2023Language-EXtended Indoor SLAM (LEXIS): A Versatile System for Real-time Visual Scene Understandingcited by 15
  10. 2021SA-LOAM: Semantic-aided LiDAR SLAM with Loop Closurecited by 14
  11. 2023Learning High-level Semantic-Relational Concepts for SLAMcited by 4
  12. 2022Globally Consistent and Tightly Coupled 3D LiDAR Inertial Mappingcited by 2

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2026: 5.

5 papers.