mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Standard Benchmarks Fail -- Auditing LLM Agents in Finance Must Prioritize Risk

arXiv 2502.15865 ↗First posted 21 Feb 2025q-fin.GN cs.AI cs.CLcited by 13

On the map: LLM agents and tool use → Financial trading and forecasting agents

Abstract (arXiv)

Standard benchmarks fixate on how well large language model (LLM) agents perform in finance, yet say little about whether they are safe to deploy. We argue that accuracy metrics and return-based scores provide an illusion of reliability, overlooking vulnerabilities such as hallucinated facts, stale data, and adversarial prompt manipulation. We take a firm position: financial LLM agents should be evaluated first and foremost on their risk profile, not on their point-estimate performance. Drawing on risk-engineering principles, we outline a three-level agenda: model, workflow, and system, for stress-testing LLM agents under realistic failure modes. To illustrate why this shift is urgent, we audit six API-based and open-weights LLM agents on three high-impact tasks and uncover hidden weaknesses that conventional benchmarks miss. We conclude with actionable recommendations for researchers, practitioners, and regulators: audit risk-aware metrics in future studies, publish stress scenarios alongside datasets, and treat ``safety budget'' as a primary success criterion. Only by redefining what ``good'' looks like can the community responsibly advance AI-driven finance.

Key facts. Cited by 13 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Financial trading and forecasting agents, one of 16 directions in LLM agents and tool use. Builds on 77 of its 119 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 21 Feb 2025.

Builds on

77 of 119 references.

Closest ancestors · 6

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2024TradingAgents: Multi-Agents LLM Financial Trading Framework28 Dec
  2. 2024INVESTORBENCH: A Benchmark for Financial Decision-Making Tasks with LLM-based Agent24 Dec
  3. 2024Enhancing Financial Question Answering with a Multi-Agent Reflection Framework29 Oct
  4. 2024Large Language Model Agent in Financial Trading: A Survey26 Jul
  5. 2024Simulating Financial Market via Large Language Model based Agents28 Jun
  6. 2024FinRobot: An Open-Source AI Agent Platform for Financial Applications using Large Language Models23 May

Other references · 71

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38 more
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  11. 2023Large Language Models in Finance: A Surveycited by 223
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  33. 2023Ignore This Title and HackAPrompt: Exposing Systemic Vulnerabilities of LLMs through a Global Scale Prompt Hacking Competitioncited by 65
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  37. 2024Large Language Model Safety: A Holistic Surveycited by 56
  38. 2024AlphaFin: Benchmarking Financial Analysis with Retrieval-Augmented Stock-Chain Frameworkcited by 47

50 most cited of 71 All 71 (JSON)

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Citing papers per year: 2025: 2; 2026: 11.

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  1. 2026FinMCP-Bench: Benchmarking LLM Agents for Real-World Financial Tool Use under the Model Context Protocol
  2. 2026The Price of Agreement: Measuring LLM Sycophancy in Agentic Financial Applications
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  4. 2026Representation Signatures and Risk-Feedback Alignment in LLM Trading Agents
  5. 2026BlueFin: Benchmarking LLM Agents on Financial Spreadsheets
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  7. 2026Why Better Models Can Create Riskier Systems: Evidence from LLM Agents in Financial Markets
  8. 2026CLQT: A Closed-Loop, Cost-Aware, Strategy-Consistent Benchmark for Diagnostic Evaluation of LLM Portfolio-Management Agents