FinToolBench: Evaluating LLM Agents for Real-World Financial Tool Use
On the map: LLM agents and tool use → Financial trading and forecasting agents
Abstract (arXiv)
The integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) into the financial domain is driving a paradigm shift from passive information retrieval to dynamic, agentic interaction. While general-purpose tool learning has witnessed a surge in benchmarks, the financial sector, characterized by high stakes, strict compliance, and rapid data volatility, remains critically underserved. Existing financial evaluations predominantly focus on static textual analysis or document-based QA, ignoring the complex reality of tool execution. Conversely, general tool benchmarks lack the domain-specific rigor required for finance, often relying on toy environments or a negligible number of financial APIs. To bridge this gap, we introduce FinToolBench, the first real-world, runnable benchmark dedicated to evaluating financial tool learning agents. Unlike prior works limited to a handful of mock tools, FinToolBench establishes a realistic ecosystem coupling 760 executable financial tools with 295 rigorous, tool-required queries. We propose a novel evaluation framework that goes beyond binary execution success, assessing agents on finance-critical dimensions: timeliness, intent type, and regulatory domain alignment. Furthermore, we present FATR, a finance-aware tool retrieval and reasoning baseline that enhances stability and compliance. By providing the first testbed for auditable, agentic financial execution, FinToolBench sets a new standard for trustworthy AI in finance. The tool manifest, execution environment, and evaluation code will be open-sourced to facilitate future research.
Key facts. Cited by 7 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Financial trading and forecasting agents, one of 16 directions in LLM agents and tool use. Builds on 24 of its 34 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 9 Mar 2026.
Builds on
24 of 34 references.
References · 24
- 2023Judging LLM-as-a-Judge with MT-Bench and Chatbot Arenacited by 8,393
- 2023Toolformer: Language Models Can Teach Themselves to Use Toolscited by 4,072
- 2023G-Eval: NLG Evaluation using GPT-4 with Better Human Alignmentcited by 2,205
- 2023WebArena: A Realistic Web Environment for Building Autonomous Agentscited by 1,908
- 2023ToolLLM: Facilitating Large Language Models to Master 16000+ Real-world APIscited by 1,880
- 2023Gorilla: Large Language Model Connected with Massive APIscited by 1,302
- 2024τ-bench: A Benchmark for Tool-Agent-User Interaction in Real-World Domainscited by 1,280
- 2023GAIA: a benchmark for General AI Assistantscited by 1,084
- 2023API-Bank: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Tool-Augmented LLMscited by 574
- 2025τ2-Bench: Evaluating Conversational Agents in a Dual-Control Environmentcited by 558
- 2021FinQA: A Dataset of Numerical Reasoning over Financial Datacited by 552
- 2021TAT-QA: A Question Answering Benchmark on a Hybrid of Tabular and Textual Content in Financecited by 402
12 more
- 2023FinanceBench: A New Benchmark for Financial Question Answeringcited by 261
- 2025SafeArena: Evaluating the Safety of Autonomous Web Agentscited by 97
- 2025Finance Agent Benchmark: Benchmarking LLMs on Real-world Financial Research Taskscited by 63
- 2025Rating Roulette: Self-Inconsistency in LLM-As-A-Judge Frameworkscited by 37
- 2025DeepResearch Arena: The First Exam of LLMs' Research Abilities via Seminar-Grounded Taskscited by 24
- 2025SafeToolBench: Pioneering a Prospective Benchmark to Evaluating Tool Utilization Safety in LLMscited by 21
- 2025Crowd Comparative Reasoning: Unlocking Comprehensive Evaluations for LLM-as-a-Judgecited by 18
- 2025YESciEval: Robust LLM-as-a-Judge for Scientific Question Answeringcited by 15
- 2026Beyond Static Tools: Test-Time Tool Evolution for Scientific Reasoningcited by 12
- 2025From What to Why: A Multi-Agent System for Evidence-based Chemical Reaction Condition Reasoningcited by 10
- 2025FLAME: Financial Large-Language Model Assessment and Metrics Evaluationcited by 8
- 2025SCP: Accelerating Discovery with a Global Web of Autonomous Scientific Agentscited by 6
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2026: 7.
7 papers.
- 2026Agentic Trading: When LLM Agents Meet Financial Marketscited by 7
- 2026FinTradeBench: A Financial Reasoning Benchmark for LLMscited by 5
- 2026The Alpha Illusion: Reported Alpha from LLM Trading Agents Should Not Be Treated as Deployment Evidencecited by 3
- 2026FinTrace: Holistic Trajectory-Level Evaluation of LLM Tool Calling for Long-Horizon Financial Taskscited by 2
- 2026DSA: Evidence-Aware LLM-Agent Orchestration for Multi-Market Stock Researchcited by 1
- 2026Mint-Agent: Introducing Finance-Native Agentic Foundation Modelscited by 0
- 2026IndicBankBench: Evaluating Safety and Reliability of Language Model Assistants in Indian Retail Bankingcited by 0
- 2026IndicBankBench: Evaluating Safety and Reliability of Language Model Assistants in Indian Retail Banking24 Sep 2026
- 2026DSA: Evidence-Aware LLM-Agent Orchestration for Multi-Market Stock Research27 Aug 2026
- 2026Mint-Agent: Introducing Finance-Native Agentic Foundation Models17 Aug 2026
- 2026Agentic Trading: When LLM Agents Meet Financial Markets19 May 2026
- 2026The Alpha Illusion: Reported Alpha from LLM Trading Agents Should Not Be Treated as Deployment Evidence16 May 2026
- 2026FinTrace: Holistic Trajectory-Level Evaluation of LLM Tool Calling for Long-Horizon Financial Tasks11 Apr 2026
- 2026FinTradeBench: A Financial Reasoning Benchmark for LLMs19 Mar 2026
Similar, not cited
Close in wording, no citation either way
- 2026FinMCP-Bench: Benchmarking LLM Agents for Real-World Financial Tool Use under the Model Context Protocol
- 2024FinBen: A Holistic Financial Benchmark for Large Language Models
- 2026BlueFin: Benchmarking LLM Agents on Financial Spreadsheets
- 2024INVESTORBENCH: A Benchmark for Financial Decision-Making Tasks with LLM-based Agent
- 2026FinToolSyn: A forward synthesis Framework for Financial Tool-Use Dialogue Data with Dynamic Tool Retrieval
- 2025Agentar-Fin-R1: Enhancing Financial Intelligence through Domain Expertise, Training Efficiency, and Advanced Reasoning
- 2025FinAgentBench: A Benchmark Dataset for Agentic Retrieval in Financial Question Answering
- 2025FinSearchComp: Towards a Realistic, Expert-Level Evaluation of Financial Search and Reasoning