SmartLLM: Smart Contract Auditing using Custom Generative AI
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Abstract (arXiv)
Smart contracts are essential to decentralized finance (DeFi) and blockchain ecosystems but are increasingly vulnerable to exploits due to coding errors and complex attack vectors. Traditional static analysis tools and existing vulnerability detection methods often fail to address these challenges comprehensively, leading to high false-positive rates and an inability to detect dynamic vulnerabilities. This paper introduces SmartLLM, a novel approach leveraging fine-tuned LLaMA 3.1 models with Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) to enhance the accuracy and efficiency of smart contract auditing. By integrating domain-specific knowledge from ERC standards and employing advanced techniques such as QLoRA for efficient fine-tuning, SmartLLM achieves superior performance compared to static analysis tools like Mythril and Slither, as well as zero-shot large language model (LLM) prompting methods such as GPT-3.5 and GPT-4. Experimental results demonstrate a perfect recall of 100% and an accuracy score of 70%, highlighting the model's robustness in identifying vulnerabilities, including reentrancy and access control issues. This research advances smart contract security by offering a scalable and effective auditing solution, supporting the secure adoption of decentralized applications.
Key facts. Cited by 3 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 12 of its 21 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 17 Feb 2025.
Builds on
12 of 21 references.
References · 12
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- 2023QLoRA: Efficient Finetuning of Quantized LLMscited by 3,418
- 2024The Faiss librarycited by 376
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- 2019Slither: A Static Analysis Framework For Smart Contractscited by 89
- 2023Large Language Model-Powered Smart Contract Vulnerability Detection: New Perspectivescited by 48
- 2023When ChatGPT Meets Smart Contract Vulnerability Detection: How Far Are We?cited by 42
- 2019Empirical Review of Automated Analysis Tools on 47,587 Ethereum Smart Contractscited by 36
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- 2024Retrieval Augmented Generation Integrated Large Language Models in Smart Contract Vulnerability Detectioncited by 4
- 2023Vulnerability Scanners for Ethereum Smart Contracts: A Large-Scale Studycited by 1
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Citing papers per year: 2025: 3.
3 papers.
- 2025A Survey on Agentic Security: Applications, Threats and Defensescited by 20
- 2025ParaVul: A Parallel Large Language Model and Retrieval-Augmented Framework for Smart Contract Vulnerability Detectioncited by 1
- 2025Code Vulnerability Detection Across Different Programming Languages with AI Modelscited by 0
- 2025ParaVul: A Parallel Large Language Model and Retrieval-Augmented Framework for Smart Contract Vulnerability Detection20 Oct 2025
- 2025A Survey on Agentic Security: Applications, Threats and Defenses7 Oct 2025
- 2025Code Vulnerability Detection Across Different Programming Languages with AI Models14 Aug 2025
Similar, not cited
Close in wording, no citation either way
- 2024LLM-SmartAudit: Advanced Smart Contract Vulnerability Detection
- 2024FTSmartAudit: A Knowledge Distillation-Enhanced Framework for Automated Smart Contract Auditing Using Fine-Tuned LLMs
- 2026Decoupled Smart Contract Audits: Lightweight LLM Framework via Distillation and Aggregation
- 2024Combining Fine-Tuning and LLM-based Agents for Intuitive Smart Contract Auditing with Justifications
- 2025Large Language Model based Smart Contract Auditing with LLMBugScanner
- 2025SAEL: Leveraging Large Language Models with Adaptive Mixture-of-Experts for Smart Contract Vulnerability Detection
- 2025LLM-BSCVM: An LLM-Based Blockchain Smart Contract Vulnerability Management Framework
- 2025LLMs as verification oracles for Solidity