mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Embodied CoT Distillation From LLM To Off-the-shelf Agents

arXiv 2412.11499 ↗First posted 16 Dec 2024cs.AI cs.ROcited by 9

On the map: LLM agents and tool use → Multimodal and embodied agents

Abstract (arXiv)

We address the challenge of utilizing large language models (LLMs) for complex embodied tasks, in the environment where decision-making systems operate timely on capacity-limited, off-the-shelf devices. We present DeDer, a framework for decomposing and distilling the embodied reasoning capabilities from LLMs to efficient, small language model (sLM)-based policies. In DeDer, the decision-making process of LLM-based strategies is restructured into a hierarchy with a reasoning-policy and planning-policy. The reasoning-policy is distilled from the data that is generated through the embodied in-context learning and self-verification of an LLM, so it can produce effective rationales. The planning-policy, guided by the rationales, can render optimized plans efficiently. In turn, DeDer allows for adopting sLMs for both policies, deployed on off-the-shelf devices. Furthermore, to enhance the quality of intermediate rationales, specific to embodied tasks, we devise the embodied knowledge graph, and to generate multiple rationales timely through a single inference, we also use the contrastively prompted attention model. Our experiments with the ALFRED benchmark demonstrate that DeDer surpasses leading language planning and distillation approaches, indicating the applicability and efficiency of sLM-based embodied policies derived through DeDer.

Key facts. Cited by 9 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Multimodal and embodied agents, one of 16 directions in LLM agents and tool use. Builds on 35 of its 43 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 16 Dec 2024.

Builds on

35 of 43 references.

Closest ancestors · 3

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2023Distilling Internet-Scale Vision-Language Models into Embodied Agents29 Jan
  2. 2022LLM-Planner: Few-Shot Grounded Planning for Embodied Agents with Large Language Models8 Dec
  3. 2022Language Models as Zero-Shot Planners: Extracting Actionable Knowledge for Embodied Agents18 Jan

Other references · 32

  1. 2017Attention Is All You Needcited by 60,361
  2. 2020Language Models are Few-Shot Learnerscited by 32,419
  3. 2019Exploring the Limits of Transfer Learning with a Unified Text-to-Text Transformercited by 14,599
  4. 2022Chain-of-Thought Prompting Elicits Reasoning in Large Language Modelscited by 12,459
  5. 2020A Simple Framework for Contrastive Learning of Visual Representationscited by 12,049
  6. 2020Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Knowledge-Intensive NLP Taskscited by 9,297
  7. 2018Representation Learning with Contrastive Predictive Codingcited by 7,777
  8. 2022Self-Consistency Improves Chain of Thought Reasoning in Language Modelscited by 5,708
  9. 2022PaLM: Scaling Language Modeling with Pathwayscited by 5,326
  10. 2020Dense Passage Retrieval for Open-Domain Question Answeringcited by 3,824
  11. 2022Do As I Can, Not As I Say: Grounding Language in Robotic Affordancescited by 2,348
  12. 2023PaLM-E: An Embodied Multimodal Language Modelcited by 2,071
20 more
  1. 2021Decision Transformer: Reinforcement Learning via Sequence Modelingcited by 1,546
  2. 2019ALFRED: A Benchmark for Interpreting Grounded Instructions for Everyday Taskscited by 783
  3. 2023In-Context Retrieval-Augmented Language Modelscited by 702
  4. 2021Offline Reinforcement Learning as One Big Sequence Modeling Problemcited by 644
  5. 2015Deep Recurrent Q-Learning for Partially Observable MDPscited by 465
  6. 2020Decoupling Representation Learning from Reinforcement Learningcited by 269
  7. 2015Actor-Mimic: Deep Multitask and Transfer Reinforcement Learningcited by 178
  8. 2023Symbolic Chain-of-Thought Distillation: Small Models Can Also "Think" Step-by-Stepcited by 148
  9. 2021Goal-Conditioned Reinforcement Learning with Imagined Subgoalscited by 134
  10. 2023Knowledge-Augmented Language Model Prompting for Zero-Shot Knowledge Graph Question Answeringcited by 119
  11. 2023SCOTT: Self-Consistent Chain-of-Thought Distillationcited by 105
  12. 2023Embodied Task Planning with Large Language Modelscited by 84
  13. 2018Kickstarting Deep Reinforcement Learningcited by 81
  14. 2023Collaborating with language models for embodied reasoningcited by 61
  15. 2022Learning to Drive by Watching YouTube Videos: Action-Conditioned Contrastive Policy Pretrainingcited by 37
  16. 2021Language Models are Few-Shot Butlerscited by 27
  17. 2021GridToPix: Training Embodied Agents with Minimal Supervisioncited by 21
  18. 2023Enhancing Chain-of-Thoughts Prompting with Iterative Bootstrapping in Large Language Modelscited by 16
  19. 2019Not All Attention Is Needed: Gated Attention Network for Sequence Datacited by 13
  20. 2022Controlled Text Generation using T5 based Encoder-Decoder Soft Prompt Tuning and Analysis of the Utility of Generated Text in AIcited by 6

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Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2025: 4; 2026: 5.

9 papers.

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2024Embodied Agent Interface: Benchmarking LLMs for Embodied Decision Making
  2. 2023Plan, Eliminate, and Track -- Language Models are Good Teachers for Embodied Agents
  3. 2022Inner Monologue: Embodied Reasoning through Planning with Language Models
  4. 2026Towards general embodied intelligence: integrating large language models, knowledge bases, and reasoning capabilities to build the next generation of AI agents
  5. 2026From Assumptions to Actions: Turning LLM Reasoning into Uncertainty-Aware Planning for Embodied Agents
  6. 2025Plan Verification for LLM-Based Embodied Task Completion Agents
  7. 2026From Language to Action: Can LLM-Based Agents Be Used for Embodied Robot Cognition?
  8. 2023Dynamic Planning with a LLM