Embodied CoT Distillation From LLM To Off-the-shelf Agents
On the map: LLM agents and tool use → Multimodal and embodied agents
Abstract (arXiv)
We address the challenge of utilizing large language models (LLMs) for complex embodied tasks, in the environment where decision-making systems operate timely on capacity-limited, off-the-shelf devices. We present DeDer, a framework for decomposing and distilling the embodied reasoning capabilities from LLMs to efficient, small language model (sLM)-based policies. In DeDer, the decision-making process of LLM-based strategies is restructured into a hierarchy with a reasoning-policy and planning-policy. The reasoning-policy is distilled from the data that is generated through the embodied in-context learning and self-verification of an LLM, so it can produce effective rationales. The planning-policy, guided by the rationales, can render optimized plans efficiently. In turn, DeDer allows for adopting sLMs for both policies, deployed on off-the-shelf devices. Furthermore, to enhance the quality of intermediate rationales, specific to embodied tasks, we devise the embodied knowledge graph, and to generate multiple rationales timely through a single inference, we also use the contrastively prompted attention model. Our experiments with the ALFRED benchmark demonstrate that DeDer surpasses leading language planning and distillation approaches, indicating the applicability and efficiency of sLM-based embodied policies derived through DeDer.
Key facts. Cited by 9 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Multimodal and embodied agents, one of 16 directions in LLM agents and tool use. Builds on 35 of its 43 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 16 Dec 2024.
Builds on
35 of 43 references.
Closest ancestors · 3
Same direction, newest first
- 2023Distilling Internet-Scale Vision-Language Models into Embodied Agents29 Jan
- 2022LLM-Planner: Few-Shot Grounded Planning for Embodied Agents with Large Language Models8 Dec
- 2022Language Models as Zero-Shot Planners: Extracting Actionable Knowledge for Embodied Agents18 Jan
Other references · 32
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- 2022Chain-of-Thought Prompting Elicits Reasoning in Large Language Modelscited by 12,459
- 2020A Simple Framework for Contrastive Learning of Visual Representationscited by 12,049
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20 more
- 2021Decision Transformer: Reinforcement Learning via Sequence Modelingcited by 1,546
- 2019ALFRED: A Benchmark for Interpreting Grounded Instructions for Everyday Taskscited by 783
- 2023In-Context Retrieval-Augmented Language Modelscited by 702
- 2021Offline Reinforcement Learning as One Big Sequence Modeling Problemcited by 644
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- 2023Symbolic Chain-of-Thought Distillation: Small Models Can Also "Think" Step-by-Stepcited by 148
- 2021Goal-Conditioned Reinforcement Learning with Imagined Subgoalscited by 134
- 2023Knowledge-Augmented Language Model Prompting for Zero-Shot Knowledge Graph Question Answeringcited by 119
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- 2023Embodied Task Planning with Large Language Modelscited by 84
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Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2025: 4; 2026: 5.
9 papers.
- 2025AgentDistill: Training-Free Agent Distillation with Generalizable MCP Boxescited by 30
- 2025Heterogeneous Swarms: Jointly Optimizing Model Roles and Weights for Multi-LLM Systemscited by 23
- 2025Distilling On-device Language Models for Robot Planning with Minimal Human Interventioncited by 10
- 2026TIC-VLA: A Think-in-Control Vision-Language-Action Model for Robot Navigation in Dynamic Environmentscited by 10
- 2025ELHPlan: Efficient Long-Horizon Task Planning for Multi-Agent Collaborationcited by 3
- 2026MAXS: Meta-Adaptive Exploration with LLM Agentscited by 1
- 2026Efficient Skill Grounding via Code Refactoring with Small Language Modelscited by 0
- 2026ReGRPO: Reflection-Augmented Policy Optimization for Tool-Using Agentscited by 0
- 2026When Successful Memories Mislead Embodied Agents:Memory Adaption For Task-Conditioned Executioncited by 0
- 2026When Successful Memories Mislead Embodied Agents:Memory Adaption For Task-Conditioned Execution20 Sep 2026
- 2026ReGRPO: Reflection-Augmented Policy Optimization for Tool-Using Agents30 Jun 2026
- 2026Efficient Skill Grounding via Code Refactoring with Small Language Models6 Jun 2026
- 2026TIC-VLA: A Think-in-Control Vision-Language-Action Model for Robot Navigation in Dynamic Environments2 Feb 2026
- 2026MAXS: Meta-Adaptive Exploration with LLM Agents14 Jan 2026
- 2025ELHPlan: Efficient Long-Horizon Task Planning for Multi-Agent Collaboration29 Sep 2025
- 2025Distilling On-device Language Models for Robot Planning with Minimal Human Intervention20 Jun 2025
- 2025AgentDistill: Training-Free Agent Distillation with Generalizable MCP Boxes17 Jun 2025
- 2025Heterogeneous Swarms: Jointly Optimizing Model Roles and Weights for Multi-LLM Systems6 Feb 2025
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