mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

FreeScale: Unleashing the Resolution of Diffusion Models via Tuning-Free Scale Fusion

arXiv 2412.09626 ↗First posted 12 Dec 2024cs.CVcited by 29

On the map: Diffusion models → Diffusion foundations and sampling

Abstract (arXiv)

Visual diffusion models achieve remarkable progress, yet they are typically trained at limited resolutions due to the lack of high-resolution data and constrained computation resources, hampering their ability to generate high-fidelity images or videos at higher resolutions. Recent efforts have explored tuning-free strategies to exhibit the untapped potential higher-resolution visual generation of pre-trained models. However, these methods are still prone to producing low-quality visual content with repetitive patterns. The key obstacle lies in the inevitable increase in high-frequency information when the model generates visual content exceeding its training resolution, leading to undesirable repetitive patterns deriving from the accumulated errors. To tackle this challenge, we propose FreeScale, a tuning-free inference paradigm to enable higher-resolution visual generation via scale fusion. Specifically, FreeScale processes information from different receptive scales and then fuses it by extracting desired frequency components. Extensive experiments validate the superiority of our paradigm in extending the capabilities of higher-resolution visual generation for both image and video models. Notably, compared with previous best-performing methods, FreeScale unlocks the 8k-resolution text-to-image generation for the first time.

Key facts. Cited by 29 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Diffusion foundations and sampling, one of 14 directions in Diffusion models. Builds on 55 of its 59 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 12 Dec 2024.

Builds on

55 of 59 references.

Closest ancestors · 22

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2024I-Max: Maximize the Resolution Potential of Pre-trained Rectified Flow Transformers with Projected Flow10 Oct
  2. 2024RepLDM: Reprogramming Pretrained Latent Diffusion Models for High-Quality, High-Efficiency, High-Resolution Image Generation8 Oct
  3. 2024HiPrompt: Tuning-free Higher-Resolution Generation with Hierarchical MLLM Prompts4 Sep
  4. 2024DiffuseHigh: Training-free Progressive High-Resolution Image Synthesis through Structure Guidance26 Jun
  5. 2024CutDiffusion: A Simple, Fast, Cheap, and Strong Diffusion Extrapolation Method23 Apr
  6. 2024Upsample Guidance: Scale Up Diffusion Models without Training2 Apr
  7. 2024FouriScale: A Frequency Perspective on Training-Free High-Resolution Image Synthesis19 Mar
  8. 2024ResAdapter: Domain Consistent Resolution Adapter for Diffusion Models4 Mar
  9. 2024Make a Cheap Scaling: A Self-Cascade Diffusion Model for Higher-Resolution Adaptation16 Feb
  10. 2023HiDiffusion: Unlocking Higher-Resolution Creativity and Efficiency in Pretrained Diffusion Models29 Nov
  11. 2023Adversarial Diffusion Distillation28 Nov
  12. 2023ScaleCrafter: Tuning-free Higher-Resolution Visual Generation with Diffusion Models11 Oct
10 more
  1. 2023PixArt-α: Fast Training of Diffusion Transformer for Photorealistic Text-to-Image Synthesis30 Sep
  2. 2023FreeU: Free Lunch in Diffusion U-Net20 Sep
  3. 2023Relay Diffusion: Unifying diffusion process across resolutions for image synthesis4 Sep
  4. 2023SDXL: Improving Latent Diffusion Models for High-Resolution Image Synthesis4 Jul
  5. 2023Simple diffusion: End-to-end diffusion for high resolution images26 Jan
  6. 2022Scalable Diffusion Models with Transformers19 Dec
  7. 2021High-Resolution Image Synthesis with Latent Diffusion Models20 Dec
  8. 2021Diffusion Models Beat GANs on Image Synthesis11 May
  9. 2020Denoising Diffusion Implicit Models6 Oct
  10. 2020Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Models19 Jun

Other references · 33

  1. 2023Segment Anythingcited by 8,158
  2. 2023Adding Conditional Control to Text-to-Image Diffusion Modelscited by 5,466
  3. 2022LAION-5B: An open large-scale dataset for training next generation image-text modelscited by 4,131
  4. 2016Improved Techniques for Training GANscited by 2,938
  5. 2023Stable Video Diffusion: Scaling Latent Video Diffusion Models to Large Datasetscited by 2,526
  6. 2022Video Diffusion Modelscited by 2,280
  7. 2024CogVideoX: Text-to-Video Diffusion Models with An Expert Transformercited by 2,198
  8. 2023VBench: Comprehensive Benchmark Suite for Video Generative Modelscited by 1,755
  9. 2023Align your Latents: High-Resolution Video Synthesis with Latent Diffusion Modelscited by 1,465
  10. 2023AnimateDiff: Animate Your Personalized Text-to-Image Diffusion Models without Specific Tuningcited by 1,418
  11. 2018Demystifying MMD GANscited by 1,268
  12. 2018Towards Accurate Generative Models of Video: A New Metric & Challengescited by 1,204
21 more
  1. 2021Frozen in Time: A Joint Video and Image Encoder for End-to-End Retrievalcited by 1,175
  2. 2021Real-ESRGAN: Training Real-World Blind Super-Resolution with Pure Synthetic Datacited by 961
  3. 2024VideoCrafter2: Overcoming Data Limitations for High-Quality Video Diffusion Modelscited by 568
  4. 2023VideoCrafter1: Open Diffusion Models for High-Quality Video Generationcited by 530
  5. 2023MultiDiffusion: Fusing Diffusion Paths for Controlled Image Generationcited by 529
  6. 2023VideoComposer: Compositional Video Synthesis with Motion Controllabilitycited by 461
  7. 2024Lumiere: A Space-Time Diffusion Model for Video Generationcited by 450
  8. 2024Pyramidal Flow Matching for Efficient Video Generative Modelingcited by 354
  9. 2023DreamVideo: Composing Your Dream Videos with Customized Subject and Motioncited by 186
  10. 2023FreeNoise: Tuning-Free Longer Video Diffusion via Noise Reschedulingcited by 173
  11. 2023SyncDiffusion: Coherent Montage via Synchronized Joint Diffusionscited by 108
  12. 2023DemoFusion: Democratising High-Resolution Image Generation With No cited by 105
  13. 2023InstructVideo: Instructing Video Diffusion Models with Human Feedbackcited by 85
  14. 2022Any-resolution Training for High-resolution Image Synthesiscited by 72
  15. 2024UltraPixel: Advancing Ultra-High-Resolution Image Synthesis to New Peakscited by 64
  16. 2023Training-free Diffusion Model Adaptation for Variable-Sized Text-to-Image Synthesiscited by 55
  17. 2024LinFusion: 1 GPU, 1 Minute, 16K Imagecited by 42
  18. 2023ElasticDiffusion: Training-free Arbitrary Size Image Generation through Global-Local Content Separationcited by 37
  19. 2023Any-Size-Diffusion: Toward Efficient Text-Driven Synthesis for Any-Size HD Imagescited by 36
  20. 2024AccDiffusion: An Accurate Method for Higher-Resolution Image Generationcited by 32
  21. 2024BeyondScene: Higher-Resolution Human-Centric Scene Generation With Pretrained Diffusioncited by 9

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2025: 17; 2026: 12.

29 papers.

Sort:

By area:

  1. 2025Wan-Move: Motion-controllable Video Generation via Latent Trajectory Guidancecited by 45
  2. 2025HiFlow: Training-free High-Resolution Image Generation with Flow-Aligned Guidancecited by 21
  3. 2025Token-Shuffle: Towards High-Resolution Image Generation with Autoregressive Modelscited by 18
  4. 2025TTS-VAR: A Test-Time Scaling Framework for Visual Auto-Regressive Generationcited by 15
  5. 2025DyPE: Dynamic Position Extrapolation for Ultra High Resolution Diffusioncited by 13
  6. 2025UltraImage: Rethinking Resolution Extrapolation in Image Diffusion Transformerscited by 10
  7. 2025HiStream: Efficient High-Resolution Video Generation via Redundancy-Eliminated Streamingcited by 8
  8. 2025FreeSwim: Revisiting Sliding-Window Attention Mechanisms for Training-Free Ultra-High-Resolution Video Generationcited by 6
  9. 2025ScaleDiff: Higher-Resolution Image Synthesis via Efficient and Model-Agnostic Diffusioncited by 5
  10. 2025Exploring Position Encoding in Diffusion U-Net for Training-free High-resolution Image Generationcited by 3
  11. 2025Taming Consistency Distillation for Accelerated Human Image Animationcited by 2
  12. 2026UPLiFT: Efficient Pixel-Dense Feature Upsampling with Local Attenderscited by 2
17 more
  1. 2026SEGA: Spectral-Energy Guided Attention for Resolution Extrapolation in Diffusion Transformerscited by 2
  2. 2025InfoScale: Unleashing Training-free Variable-scaled Image Generation via Effective Utilization of Informationcited by 1
  3. 2025UltraImageGen: Efficient Ultra-High-Resolution Image Generation with Hierarchical Local Attentioncited by 1
  4. 2025Phase-Aligned RoPE for Mixed-Resolution Diffusion Transformercited by 1
  5. 2025Low-Resolution Editing is All You Need for High-Resolution Editingcited by 1
  6. 2026PixelRush: Ultra-Fast, Training-Free High-Resolution Image Generation via One-step Diffusioncited by 1
  7. 2026EruDiff: Refactoring Knowledge in Diffusion Models for Advanced Text-to-Image Synthesiscited by 1
  8. 2026PixelWizard: Towards Efficient High-Fidelity Video Generation at Ultra-Large Spatial Resolutioncited by 1
  9. 2025CineScale: Tuning-Free High-Resolution Video Generationcited by 0
  10. 2025NoiseShift: Resolution-Aware Noise Recalibration for Better Low-Resolution Image Generationcited by 0
  11. 2026EditCrafter: Tuning-free High-Resolution Image Editing via Pretrained Diffusion Modelcited by 0
  12. 2026ExtraVAR: Stage-Aware RoPE Remapping for Resolution Extrapolation in Visual Autoregressive Modelscited by 0
  13. 2026HierEdit: Region-Aware Hierarchical Diffusion for Efficient High-Resolution Editingcited by 0
  14. 2026PhotoQuilt: Training-Free Arbitrary-Resolution Photomosaics via Bootstrapped Tiled Denoisingcited by 0
  15. 2026HRDiT: Training-Free High-Resolution Image Generation with Off-the-Shelf Diffusion Transformer Modelscited by 0
  16. 2026MagnifiQ: Patch-aware Text Guided Progressive Upscaling for High-Resolution Image Restorationcited by 0
  17. 2026EDITBRIDGE: Towards Faithful and Efficient Ultra-High-Resolution Image Editingcited by 0

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2026FreeFix: Boosting 3D Gaussian Splatting via Fine-Tuning-Free Diffusion Models
  2. 2025Training-free Diffusion Acceleration with Bottleneck Sampling
  3. 2024FAM Diffusion: Frequency and Attention Modulation for High-Resolution Image Generation with Stable Diffusion
  4. 2025Iterative Inference-time Scaling with Adaptive Frequency Steering for Image Super-Resolution
  5. 2026Cross-Resolution Diffusion Models via Network Pruning
  6. 2024Diff-2-in-1: Bridging Generation and Dense Perception with Diffusion Models
  7. 2025FreSca: Scaling in Frequency Space Enhances Diffusion Models
  8. 2025FreeControl: Efficient, Training-Free Structural Control via One-Step Attention Extraction