mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

When IoT Meet LLMs: Applications and Challenges

arXiv 2411.17722 ↗First posted 20 Nov 2024cs.DC cs.AI cs.NIcited by 11

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Abstract (arXiv)

Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) have positively and efficiently transformed workflows in many domains. One such domain with significant potential for LLM integration is the Internet of Things (IoT), where this integration brings new opportunities for improved decision making and system interaction. In this paper, we explore the various roles of LLMs in IoT, with a focus on their reasoning capabilities. We show how LLM-IoT integration can facilitate advanced decision making and contextual understanding in a variety of IoT scenarios. Furthermore, we explore the integration of LLMs with edge, fog, and cloud computing paradigms, and show how this synergy can optimize resource utilization, enhance real-time processing, and provide scalable solutions for complex IoT applications. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive study covering IoT-LLM integration between edge, fog, and cloud systems. Additionally, we propose a novel system model for industrial IoT applications that leverages LLM-based collective intelligence to enable predictive maintenance and condition monitoring. Finally, we highlight key challenges and open issues that provide insights for future research in the field of LLM-IoT integration.

Key facts. Cited by 11 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 30 of its 41 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 20 Nov 2024.

Builds on

30 of 41 references.

References · 30

  1. 2018BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understandingcited by 40,399
  2. 2022Chain-of-Thought Prompting Elicits Reasoning in Large Language Modelscited by 12,459
  3. 2020Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Knowledge-Intensive NLP Taskscited by 9,297
  4. 2023Tree of Thoughts: Deliberate Problem Solving with Large Language Modelscited by 3,211
  5. 2023A Survey on Hallucination in Large Language Models: Principles, Taxonomy, Challenges, and Open Questionscited by 1,601
  6. 2022Program of Thoughts Prompting: Disentangling Computation from Reasoning for Numerical Reasoning Taskscited by 1,076
  7. 2024Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning for Large Models: A Comprehensive Surveycited by 656
  8. 2021Efficient Deep Learning: A Survey on Making Deep Learning Models Smaller, Faster, and Bettercited by 154
  9. 2021Cutting Down on Prompts and Parameters: Simple Few-Shot Learning with Language Modelscited by 139
  10. 2024FedBiOT: LLM Local Fine-tuning in Federated Learning without Full Modelcited by 74
  11. 2023Penetrative AI: Making LLMs Comprehend the Physical Worldcited by 64
  12. 2023FATE-LLM: A Industrial Grade Federated Learning Framework for Large Language Modelscited by 63
18 more
  1. 2024EDGE-LLM: Enabling Efficient Large Language Model Adaptation on Edge Devices via Layerwise Unified Compression and Adaptive Layer Tuning and Votingcited by 27
  2. 2023LLMind: Orchestrating AI and IoT with LLM for Complex Task Executioncited by 24
  3. 2024PerLLM: Personalized Inference Scheduling with Edge-Cloud Collaboration for Diverse LLM Servicescited by 23
  4. 2013Context Aware Computing for The Internet of Things: A Surveycited by 18
  5. 2024IoT-LLM: a framework for enhancing Large Language Model reasoning from real-world sensor datacited by 18
  6. 2024IoT-LM: Large Multisensory Language Models for the Internet of Thingscited by 14
  7. 2024Efficient Prompting for LLM-based Generative Internet of Thingscited by 12
  8. 2024Safely Learning with Private Data: A Federated Learning Framework for Large Language Modelcited by 11
  9. 2024PLLM-CS: Pre-trained Large Language Model (LLM) for Cyber Threat Detection in Satellite Networkscited by 10
  10. 2023POLCA: Power Oversubscription in LLM Cloud Providerscited by 9
  11. 2022Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) for Internet of Things: A Surveycited by 8
  12. 2024DLoRA: Distributed Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning Solution for Large Language Modelcited by 8
  13. 2024Efficient Federated Intrusion Detection in 5G ecosystem using optimized BERT-based modelcited by 8
  14. 2024Multi-Modal Transformer and Reinforcement Learning-based Beam Managementcited by 8
  15. 2024Resource Allocation for Stable LLM Training in Mobile Edge Computingcited by 7
  16. 2024Dynamic Fog Computing for Enhanced LLM Execution in Medical Applicationscited by 3
  17. 2022Internet of Nano, Bio-Nano, Biodegradable and Ingestible Things: A Surveycited by 2
  18. 2024Cyber Knowledge Completion Using Large Language Modelscited by 2

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2024: 1; 2025: 7; 2026: 3.

11 papers.

  1. 2025DailyLLM: Context-Aware Activity Log Generation Using Multi-Modal Sensors and LLMscited by 5
  2. 2024A Unified Framework for Context-Aware IoT Management and State-of-the-Art IoT Traffic Anomaly Detectioncited by 2
  3. 2025Large Language Model-driven Security Assistant for Internet of Things via Chain-of-Thoughtcited by 2
  4. 2025Achieving Trustworthy Real-Time Decision Support Systems with Low-Latency Interpretable AI Modelscited by 1
  5. 2025CollaPipe: Adaptive Segment-Optimized Pipeline Parallelism for Collaborative LLM Training in Heterogeneous Edge Networkscited by 1
  6. 2025Intelligence of Things: A Spatial Context-Aware Control System for Smart Devicescited by 0
  7. 2025The Future of Internet of Things and Multimodal Language Models in 6G Networks: Opportunities and Challengescited by 0
  8. 2025AGI Enabled Solutions For IoX Layers Bottlenecks In Cyber-Physical-Social-Thinking Spacecited by 0
  9. 2026Agentic IoT: Architectures, Applications, and Challenges Toward the Internet of Agentscited by 0
  10. 2026Beyond Thresholds: A Quality-Aware Decision Intelligence Framework for Cold Chain IoT Systemscited by 0
  11. 2026Which LLM to pick? Online Active Model Selection for Large Language Modelscited by 0

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2025Talk with the Things: Integrating LLMs into IoT Networks ↗
  2. 2025Large Language Models in the IoT Ecosystem -- A Survey on Security Challenges and Applications
  3. 2025IoT-MCP: Bridging LLMs and IoT Systems Through Model Context Protocol
  4. 2025LLMind 2.0: Distributed IoT Automation with Natural Language M2M Communication and Lightweight LLM Agents
  5. 2026Fog Computing and Large Language Models: A vision for mutual beneficiaries
  6. 2026Enabling Cloud-Level Accuracy in Edge AI through IoT Data Preprocessing
  7. 2026Smart Adaptive Computing Across the Continuum: LLMs in IoT-Edge-Cloud Resource Management
  8. 2025LLM Applications: Current Paradigms and the Next Frontier