Internet of Nano, Bio-Nano, Biodegradable and Ingestible Things: A Survey

In recent years, advances in biotechnology, nanotechnology and materials science have led to development of revolutionizing applications in Internet of Things (IoT). In particular, the interconnection of nanomaterials, nanoimplants and nanobiosensors with existing IoT networks have inspired the concepts of Internet of Nano Things (IoNT), Internet of Bio-Nano Things (IoBNT), Internet of Biodegradable Things (IoBDT) and Internet of Ingestible Things (IoIT). To date, although there are several survey papers that addressed these concepts separately, there is no current survey covering all studies in IoNT, IoBNT, IoBDT and IoIT. Therefore, in this paper, we provide a complete overview of all recent work in these four areas. Furthermore, we emphasize the research challenges, potential applications, and open research areas.