mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

A Survey of Financial AI: Architectures, Advances and Open Challenges

arXiv 2411.12747 ↗First posted 1 Nov 2024q-fin.TR cs.AI cs.CEcited by 6

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Abstract (arXiv)

Financial AI empowers sophisticated approaches to financial market forecasting, portfolio optimization, and automated trading. This survey provides a systematic analysis of these developments across three primary dimensions: predictive models that capture complex market dynamics, decision-making frameworks that optimize trading and investment strategies, and knowledge augmentation systems that leverage unstructured financial information. We examine significant innovations including foundation models for financial time series, graph-based architectures for market relationship modeling, and hierarchical frameworks for portfolio optimization. Analysis reveals crucial trade-offs between model sophistication and practical constraints, particularly in high-frequency trading applications. We identify critical gaps and open challenges between theoretical advances and industrial implementation, outlining open challenges and opportunities for improving both model performance and practical applicability.

Key facts. Cited by 6 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 34 of its 53 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 1 Nov 2024.

Builds on

34 of 53 references.

References · 34

  1. 2022A Time Series is Worth 64 Words: Long-term Forecasting with Transformerscited by 2,039
  2. 2024MOMENT: A Family of Open Time-series Foundation Modelscited by 482
  3. 2024TimeMixer: Decomposable Multiscale Mixing for Time Series Forecastingcited by 346
  4. 2023Large Language Models in Finance: A Surveycited by 226
  5. 2024Timer: Generative Pre-trained Transformers Are Large Time Series Modelscited by 208
  6. 2023EconAgent: Large Language Model-Empowered Agents for Simulating Macroeconomic Activitiescited by 154
  7. 2024A Multimodal Foundation Agent for Financial Trading: Tool-Augmented, Diversified, and Generalistcited by 137
  8. 2024From News to Forecast: Integrating Event Analysis in LLM-Based Time Series Forecasting with Reflectioncited by 98
  9. 2024Revolutionizing Finance with LLMs: An Overview of Applications and Insightscited by 90
  10. 2024A Survey of Large Language Models in Finance (FinLLMs)cited by 79
  11. 2024Large Language Model Agent in Financial Trading: A Surveycited by 60
  12. 2024AlphaFin: Benchmarking Financial Analysis with Retrieval-Augmented Stock-Chain Frameworkcited by 47
22 more
  1. 2024Learning to Generate Explainable Stock Predictions using Self-Reflective Large Language Modelscited by 36
  2. 2023MASTER: Market-Guided Stock Transformer for Stock Price Forecastingcited by 32
  3. 2024When AI Meets Finance (StockAgent): Large Language Model-based Stock Trading in Simulated Real-world Environmentscited by 26
  4. 2024Automate Strategy Finding with LLM in Quant Investmentcited by 26
  5. 2023DoubleAdapt: A Meta-learning Approach to Incremental Learning for Stock Trend Forecastingcited by 21
  6. 2022Stock Movement Prediction Based on Bi-typed Hybrid-relational Market Knowledge Graph via Dual Attention Networkscited by 13
  7. 2023Market-GAN: Adding Control to Financial Market Data Generation with Semantic Contextcited by 13
  8. 2024FinReport: Explainable Stock Earnings Forecasting via News Factor Analyzing Modelcited by 11
  9. 2023StockEmotions: Discover Investor Emotions for Financial Sentiment Analysis and Multivariate Time Seriescited by 9
  10. 2024Multi-relational Graph Diffusion Neural Network with Parallel Retention for Stock Trends Classificationcited by 9
  11. 2024DiffSTOCK: Probabilistic relational Stock Market Predictions using Diffusion Modelscited by 8
  12. 2023Optimizing Trading Strategies in Quantitative Markets using Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learningcited by 7
  13. 2023Reinforcement Learning with Maskable Stock Representation for Portfolio Management in Customizable Stock Poolscited by 7
  14. 2024MacroHFT: Memory Augmented Context-aware Reinforcement Learning On High Frequency Tradingcited by 7
  15. 2021Trade When Opportunity Comes: Price Movement Forecasting via Locality-Aware Attention and Iterative Refinement Labelingcited by 6
  16. 2023IMM: An Imitative Reinforcement Learning Approach with Predictive Representation Learning for Automatic Market Makingcited by 6
  17. 2024MANA-Net: Mitigating Aggregated Sentiment Homogenization with News Weighting for Enhanced Market Predictioncited by 6
  18. 2024Developing A Multi-Agent and Self-Adaptive Framework with Deep Reinforcement Learning for Dynamic Portfolio Risk Managementcited by 5
  19. 2024Double-Path Adaptive-correlation Spatial-Temporal Inverted Transformer for Stock Time Series Forecastingcited by 4
  20. 2024GARCH-Informed Neural Networks for Volatility Prediction in Financial Marketscited by 3
  21. 2024Hierarchical Reinforced Trader (HRT): A Bi-Level Approach for Optimizing Stock Selection and Executioncited by 1
  22. 2024Temporal Relational Reasoning of Large Language Models for Detecting Stock Portfolio Crashescited by 1

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2025: 5; 2026: 1.

6 papers.

  1. 2025Time Travel is Cheating: Going Live with DeepFund for Real-Time Fund Investment Benchmarkingcited by 21
  2. 2025Will LLMs be Professional at Fund Investment? DeepFund: A Live Arena Perspectivecited by 4
  3. 2025Advancing Financial Engineering with Foundation Models: Progress, Applications, and Challengescited by 4
  4. 2025Language Modeling for the Future of Finance: A Survey into Metrics, Tasks, and Data Opportunitiescited by 3
  5. 2025From Patterns to Predictions: A Shapelet-Based Framework for Directional Forecasting in Noisy Financial Marketscited by 0
  6. 2026SoK: Trading Agents or Market Crashers? Dissecting Robustness and Security Failures in Academic Financial LLM Trading Schemescited by 0