mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

ROBIN: Robust and Invisible Watermarks for Diffusion Models with Adversarial Optimization

arXiv 2411.03862 ↗First posted 6 Nov 2024cs.CV cs.AI cs.CRcited by 46

On the map: Diffusion models → Robustness, privacy and adversarial aspects

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Abstract (arXiv)

Watermarking generative content serves as a vital tool for authentication, ownership protection, and mitigation of potential misuse. Existing watermarking methods face the challenge of balancing robustness and concealment. They empirically inject a watermark that is both invisible and robust and passively achieve concealment by limiting the strength of the watermark, thus reducing the robustness. In this paper, we propose to explicitly introduce a watermark hiding process to actively achieve concealment, thus allowing the embedding of stronger watermarks. To be specific, we implant a robust watermark in an intermediate diffusion state and then guide the model to hide the watermark in the final generated image. We employ an adversarial optimization algorithm to produce the optimal hiding prompt guiding signal for each watermark. The prompt embedding is optimized to minimize artifacts in the generated image, while the watermark is optimized to achieve maximum strength. The watermark can be verified by reversing the generation process. Experiments on various diffusion models demonstrate the watermark remains verifiable even under significant image tampering and shows superior invisibility compared to other state-of-the-art robust watermarking methods. Code is available at https://github.com/Hannah1102/ROBIN.

Key facts. Cited by 46 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Robustness, privacy and adversarial aspects, one of 14 directions in Diffusion models. Builds on 43 of its 59 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 6 Nov 2024.

Builds on

43 of 59 references.

Closest ancestors · 8

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2023EditShield: Protecting Unauthorized Image Editing by Instruction-guided Diffusion Models19 Nov
  2. 2023Hey That's Mine Imperceptible Watermarks are Preserved in Diffusion Generated Outputs22 Aug
  3. 2023Tree-Ring Watermarks: Fingerprints for Diffusion Images that are Invisible and Robust31 May
  4. 2023CRoSS: Diffusion Model Makes Controllable, Robust and Secure Image Steganography26 May
  5. 2023Generative Steganography Diffusion5 May
  6. 2023The Stable Signature: Rooting Watermarks in Latent Diffusion Models27 Mar
  7. 2023Anti-DreamBooth: Protecting users from personalized text-to-image synthesis27 Mar
  8. 2023A Recipe for Watermarking Diffusion Models17 Mar

Other references · 35

  1. 2021Learning Transferable Visual Models From Natural Language Supervisioncited by 33,744
  2. 2020Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Modelscited by 21,076
  3. 2021High-Resolution Image Synthesis with Latent Diffusion Modelscited by 18,863
  4. 2014Microsoft COCO: Common Objects in Contextcited by 17,608
  5. 2020Denoising Diffusion Implicit Modelscited by 9,781
  6. 2020Score-Based Generative Modeling through Stochastic Differential Equationscited by 9,122
  7. 2021Diffusion Models Beat GANs on Image Synthesiscited by 8,255
  8. 2022Hierarchical Text-Conditional Image Generation with CLIP Latentscited by 6,585
  9. 2022Photorealistic Text-to-Image Diffusion Models with Deep Language Understandingcited by 6,355
  10. 2023Adding Conditional Control to Text-to-Image Diffusion Modelscited by 5,503
  11. 2019Generative Modeling by Estimating Gradients of the Data Distributioncited by 4,101
  12. 2021GLIDE: Towards Photorealistic Image Generation and Editing with Text-Guided Diffusion Modelscited by 3,614
23 more
  1. 2022DreamBooth: Fine Tuning Text-to-Image Diffusion Models for Subject-Driven Generationcited by 3,300
  2. 2022An Image is Worth One Word: Personalizing Text-to-Image Generation using Textual Inversioncited by 2,245
  3. 2022DPM-Solver: A Fast ODE Solver for Diffusion Probabilistic Model Sampling in Around 10 Stepscited by 1,979
  4. 2022Null-text Inversion for Editing Real Images using Guided Diffusion Modelscited by 1,179
  5. 2022Reproducible scaling laws for contrastive language-image learningcited by 1,173
  6. 2022DPM-Solver++: Fast Solver for Guided Sampling of Diffusion Probabilistic Modelscited by 938
  7. 2022Pseudo Numerical Methods for Diffusion Models on Manifoldscited by 700
  8. 2022DiffEdit: Diffusion-based semantic image editing with mask guidancecited by 647
  9. 2018HiDDeN: Hiding Data With Deep Networkscited by 397
  10. 2022EDICT: Exact Diffusion Inversion via Coupled Transformationscited by 258
  11. 2023Glaze: Protecting Artists from Style Mimicry by Text-to-Image Modelscited by 205
  12. 2020Artificial Fingerprinting for Generative Models: Rooting Deepfake Attribution in Training Datacited by 201
  13. 2019Robust Invisible Video Watermarking with Attentioncited by 149
  14. 2023Invisible Image Watermarks Are Provably Removable Using Generative AIcited by 134
  15. 2023Fast ODE-based Sampling for Diffusion Models in Around 5 Stepscited by 84
  16. 2023Effective Real Image Editing with Accelerated Iterative Diffusion Inversioncited by 79
  17. 2023On Exact Inversion of DPM-Solverscited by 47
  18. 2022Discrete Contrastive Diffusion for Cross-Modal Music and Image Generationcited by 44
  19. 2023Exact Diffusion Inversion via Bi-directional Integration Approximationcited by 44
  20. 2023Boundary Guided Learning-Free Semantic Control with Diffusion Modelscited by 23
  21. 2022Vision+X: A Survey on Multimodal Learning in the Light of Datacited by 22
  22. 2023Diffusion in Diffusion: Cyclic One-Way Diffusion for Text-Vision-Conditioned Generationcited by 15
  23. 2024Iterative Ensemble Training with Anti-Gradient Control for Mitigating Memorization in Diffusion Modelscited by 12

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Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2024: 1; 2025: 18; 2026: 27.

46 papers.

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  1. 2024The Silent Assistant: NoiseQuery as Implicit Guidance for Goal-Driven Image Generationcited by 14
  2. 2025First-Place Solution to NeurIPS 2024 Invisible Watermark Removal Challengecited by 9
  3. 2026SLICE: Semantic Latent Injection via Compartmentalized Embedding for Image Watermarkingcited by 7
  4. 2025WMCopier: Forging Invisible Image Watermarks on Arbitrary Imagescited by 6
  5. 2025MarkDiffusion: An Open-Source Toolkit for Generative Watermarking of Latent Diffusion Modelscited by 5
  6. 2025Guidance Watermarking for Diffusion Modelscited by 5
  7. 2025Secure and Robust Watermarking for AI-generated Images: A Comprehensive Surveycited by 5
  8. 2025Watermarking Discrete Diffusion Language Modelscited by 5
  9. 2025Implicit Bias Injection Attacks against Text-to-Image Diffusion Modelscited by 4
  10. 2025Visual Watermarking in the Era of Diffusion Models: Advances and Challengescited by 4
  11. 2025Mitigating Watermark Forgery in Generative Models via Randomized Key Selectioncited by 4
  12. 2026SHIFT: Stochastic Hidden-Trajectory Deflection for Removing Diffusion-based Watermarkcited by 4
34 more
  1. 2026Attack-Resistant Watermarking for AIGC Image Forensics via Diffusion-based Semantic Deflectioncited by 3
  2. 2026SIGMark: Scalable In-Generation Watermark with Blind Extraction for Video Diffusioncited by 3
  3. 2026Towards Robust Content Watermarking Against Removal and Forgery Attackscited by 3
  4. 2025PT-Mark: Invisible Watermarking for Text-to-image Diffusion Models via Semantic-aware Pivotal Tuningcited by 2
  5. 2025TRACE: Trajectory-Constrained Concept Erasure in Diffusion Modelscited by 2
  6. 2025OptMark: Robust Multi-bit Diffusion Watermarking via Inference Time Optimizationcited by 2
  7. 2026RAVEN: Erasing Invisible Watermarks via Novel View Synthesiscited by 2
  8. 2026OSI: One-step Inversion Excels in Extracting Diffusion Watermarkscited by 2
  9. 2026Adversarial Attacks for Good: A Survey of Proactive Protection across the Visual Content Lifecyclecited by 2
  10. 2025MUSE: Model-Agnostic Tabular Watermarking via Multi-Sample Selectioncited by 1
  11. 2026Off-The-Shelf Image-to-Image Models Are All You Need To Defeat Image Protection Schemescited by 1
  12. 2026ShapeMark: Robust and Diversity-Preserving Watermarking for Diffusion Modelscited by 1
  13. 2026Removing the Watermark Is Not Enough: Forensic Stealth in Generative-AI Watermark Removalcited by 1
  14. 2026Compositional Adversarial Training for Robust Visual Watermarkingcited by 1
  15. 2026LoRA-Key: User-Centric LoRA Watermarking for Text-to-Image Diffusion Modelscited by 1
  16. 2026Watermark Forensics for Generative Models: An Information-Theoretic Perspectivecited by 1
  17. 2025FADE: Adversarial Concept Erasure in Flow Modelscited by 0
  18. 2025Learning Generalizable and Efficient Image Watermarking via Hierarchical Two-Stage Optimizationcited by 0
  19. 2025Robust Concept Erasure in Diffusion Models: A Theoretical Perspective on Security and Robustnesscited by 0
  20. 2025MOLM: Mixture of LoRA Markerscited by 0
  21. 2025WaTeRFlow: Watermark Temporal Robustness via Flow Consistencycited by 0
  22. 2026Luminark: Training-free, Probabilistically-Certified Watermarking for General Vision Generative Modelscited by 0
  23. 2026Lossless Copyright Protection via Intrinsic Model Fingerprintingcited by 0
  24. 2026ALIEN: Analytic Latent Watermarking for Controllable Generationcited by 0
  25. 2026TokenTrace: Multi-Concept Attribution through Watermarked Token Recoverycited by 0
  26. 2026Transferable Multi-Bit Watermarking Across Frozen Diffusion Models via Latent Consistency Bridgescited by 0
  27. 2026UniMark: Unified Adaptive Multi-bit Watermarking for Autoregressive Image Generatorscited by 0
  28. 2026Watch Your Step: Information Injection in Diffusion Models via Shadow Timestep Embeddingcited by 0
  29. 2026GuardMarkGS: Unified Ownership Tracing and Edit Deterrence for 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 0
  30. 2026Correlation-Aware and Gaussianity-Preserving Robust Latent Angular Watermarking for Diffusion Modelscited by 0
  31. 2026IP Protection in the Era of Visual Generative AI: A Surveycited by 0
  32. 2026Membership is Ownership: A Robust Ownership Verification Framework for Diffusion Modelscited by 0
  33. 2026RAIN: Region-Aware Inversion Network for Semantic Watermark Extractioncited by 0
  34. 2026MoSign: Challenge-Response Motion-Watermark Authentication for Anonymous Virtual-Reality Userscited by 0

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  1. 2025Diffusion-Based Image Editing: An Unforeseen Adversary to Robust Invisible Watermarks
  2. 2026Vanishing Watermarks: Diffusion-Based Image Editing Undermines Robust Invisible Watermarking
  3. 2023A Somewhat Robust Image Watermark against Diffusion-based Editing Models
  4. 2025Optimization-Free Universal Watermark Forgery with Regenerative Diffusion Models
  5. 2024Watermark-embedded Adversarial Examples for Copyright Protection against Diffusion Models
  6. 2025Diffusion-Based Image Editing for Breaking Robust Watermarks
  7. 2025Secure and Efficient Watermarking for Latent Diffusion Models in Model Distribution Scenarios
  8. 2025Image Watermarking of Generative Diffusion Models