mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

ElectionSim: Massive Population Election Simulation Powered by Large Language Model Driven Agents

arXiv 2410.20746 ↗First posted 28 Oct 2024cs.CL cs.CY cs.HCcited by 35

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Abstract (arXiv)

The massive population election simulation aims to model the preferences of specific groups in particular election scenarios. It has garnered significant attention for its potential to forecast real-world social trends. Traditional agent-based modeling (ABM) methods are constrained by their ability to incorporate complex individual background information and provide interactive prediction results. In this paper, we introduce ElectionSim, an innovative election simulation framework based on large language models, designed to support accurate voter simulations and customized distributions, together with an interactive platform to dialogue with simulated voters. We present a million-level voter pool sampled from social media platforms to support accurate individual simulation. We also introduce PPE, a poll-based presidential election benchmark to assess the performance of our framework under the U.S. presidential election scenario. Through extensive experiments and analyses, we demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of our framework in U.S. presidential election simulations.

Key facts. Cited by 35 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 27 of its 70 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 28 Oct 2024.

Builds on

27 of 70 references.

References · 27

  1. 2023Generative Agents: Interactive Simulacra of Human Behaviorcited by 3,500
  2. 2020Longformer: The Long-Document Transformercited by 3,362
  3. 2023MetaGPT: Meta Programming for A Multi-Agent Collaborative Frameworkcited by 1,761
  4. 2023Improving Factuality and Reasoning in Language Models through Multiagent Debatecited by 1,739
  5. 2023The Rise and Potential of Large Language Model Based Agents: A Surveycited by 1,422
  6. 2023ChatDev: Communicative Agents for Software Developmentcited by 893
  7. 2024Large Language Model based Multi-Agents: A Survey of Progress and Challengescited by 752
  8. 2023Character-LLM: A Trainable Agent for Role-Playingcited by 335
  9. 2023Large Language Models Empowered Agent-based Modeling and Simulation: A Survey and Perspectivescited by 253
  10. 2023RoleLLM: Benchmarking, Eliciting, and Enhancing Role-Playing Abilities of Large Language Modelscited by 173
  11. 2024The Political Preferences of LLMscited by 83
  12. 2024Unveiling the Truth and Facilitating Change: Towards Agent-based Large-scale Social Movement Simulationcited by 69
15 more
  1. 2024Can Large Language Model Agents Simulate Human Trust Behavior?cited by 62
  2. 2024Network Formation and Dynamics Among Multi-LLMscited by 28
  3. 2024Synergistic Multi-Agent Framework with Trajectory Learning for Knowledge-Intensive Taskscited by 23
  4. 2024Identity-Driven Hierarchical Role-Playing Agentscited by 18
  5. 2021Social physicscited by 14
  6. 2024Large Language Model-driven Multi-Agent Simulation for News Diffusion Under Different Network Structurescited by 14
  7. 2024Modelling Political Coalition Negotiations Using LLM-based Agentscited by 13
  8. 2024SoMeLVLM: A Large Vision Language Model for Social Media Processingcited by 11
  9. 2019Correcting Sociodemographic Selection Biases for Population Prediction from Social Mediacited by 10
  10. 2024Representation Bias in Political Sample Simulations with Large Language Modelscited by 10
  11. 2023Computational Agent-based Models in Opinion Dynamics: A Survey on Social Simulations and Empirical Studiescited by 9
  12. 2015140 Characters to Victory?: Using Twitter to Predict the UK 2015 General Electioncited by 6
  13. 2024Can LLMs Help Predict Elections? (Counter)Evidence from the World's Largest Democracycited by 5
  14. 2024Language Evolution for Evading Social Media Regulation via LLM-based Multi-agent Simulationcited by 4
  15. 2024AI-Press: A Multi-Agent News Generating and Feedback Simulation System Powered by Large Language Modelscited by 3

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2024: 4; 2025: 21; 2026: 10.

35 papers.

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  1. 2025AgentSociety: Large-Scale Simulation of LLM-Driven Generative Agents Advances Understanding of Human Behaviors and Societycited by 180
  2. 2025Advances and Challenges in Foundation Agents: From Brain-Inspired Intelligence to Evolutionary, Collaborative, and Safe Systemscited by 125
  3. 2024From Individual to Society: A Survey on Social Simulation Driven by Large Language Model-based Agentscited by 76
  4. 2025SocioVerse: A World Model for Social Simulation Powered by LLM Agents and A Pool of 10 Million Real-World Userscited by 50
  5. 2025Know You First and Be You Better: Modeling Human-Like User Simulators via Implicit Profilescited by 38
  6. 2025LLM-based Agentic Reasoning Frameworks: A Survey from Methods to Scenarioscited by 25
  7. 2025How Far are LLMs from Being Our Digital Twins? A Benchmark for Persona-Based Behavior Chain Simulationcited by 21
  8. 2025From Selection to Generation: A Survey of LLM-based Active Learningcited by 18
  9. 2025MF-LLM: Simulating Population Decision Dynamics via a Mean-Field Large Language Model Frameworkcited by 12
  10. 2025AgentGroupChat-V2: Divide-and-Conquer Is What LLM-Based Multi-Agent System Needcited by 12
  11. 2025The PIMMUR Principles: Ensuring Validity in Collective Behavior of LLM Societiescited by 12
  12. 2025YuLan-OneSim: Towards the Next Generation of Social Simulator with Large Language Modelscited by 11
23 more
  1. 2024A Large-Scale Simulation on Large Language Models for Decision-Making in Political Sciencecited by 9
  2. 2024PIORS: Personalized Intelligent Outpatient Reception based on Large Language Model with Multi-Agents Medical Scenario Simulationcited by 8
  3. 2025Modeling Earth-Scale Human-Like Societies with One Billion Agentscited by 8
  4. 2024Large Language Models in Politics and Democracy: A Comprehensive Surveycited by 5
  5. 2026Can ChatGPT Really Understand Modern Chinese Poetry?cited by 4
  6. 2025NegotiationGym: Self-Optimizing Agents in a Multi-Agent Social Simulation Environmentcited by 3
  7. 2026AI Agents Alone Are Not (Yet) Sufficient for Social Simulationcited by 3
  8. 2026LLM Agents as Social Scientists: A Human-AI Collaborative Platform for Social Science Automationcited by 3
  9. 2025Computational Multi-Agents Society Experiments: Social Modeling Framework Based on Generative Agentscited by 2
  10. 2026Enhancing Persona Following at Decoding Time via Dynamic Importance Estimation for Role-Playing Agentscited by 2
  11. 2025Debiasing International Attitudes: LLM Agents for Simulating US-China Perception Changescited by 1
  12. 2025The Hunger Game Debate: On the Emergence of Over-Competition in Multi-Agent Systemscited by 1
  13. 2025Mitigating Social Desirability Bias in Random Silicon Samplingcited by 1
  14. 2026Uncovering Salience-Driven Dynamics in Consumer Confidence with Generative Social Simulationcited by 1
  15. 2025Persona-driven Simulation of Voting Behavior in the European Parliament with Large Language Modelscited by 0
  16. 2025ToMPO: Training LLM Strategic Decision Making from a Multi-Agent Perspectivecited by 0
  17. 2025What AI Speaks for Your Community: Polling AI Agents for Public Opinion on Data Center Projectscited by 0
  18. 2025FlockVote: LLM-Empowered Agent-Based Modeling for Simulating U.S. Presidential Electionscited by 0
  19. 2026XChoice: Explainable Evaluation of AI-Human Alignment in LLM-based Constrained Choice Decision Makingcited by 0
  20. 2026Revising Context, Shifting Simulated Stance: Auditing LLM-Based Stance Simulation in Online Discussionscited by 0
  21. 2026Modeling U.S. Attitudes Toward China via an Event-Steered Multi-Agent Simulatorcited by 0
  22. 2026Eco3S: Complex Socio-Economic System Simulation via Agent-Based Modelscited by 0
  23. 2026Do LLMs Change Their Minds Like Humans? Diagnosing Human--LLM Divergence in Single-Turn Persuasion Judgmentscited by 0

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