mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Addressing Blind Guessing: Calibration of Selection Bias in Multiple-Choice Question Answering by Video Language Models

arXiv 2410.14248 ↗First posted 18 Oct 2024cs.CLcited by 11

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Abstract (arXiv)

Evaluating Video Language Models (VLMs) is a challenging task. Due to its transparency, Multiple-Choice Question Answering (MCQA) is widely used to measure the performance of these models through accuracy. However, existing MCQA benchmarks fail to capture the full reasoning capabilities of VLMs due to selection bias, when models disproportionately favor certain answer options based on positional patterns observed during training. In this work, we conduct a comprehensive empirical analysis of several VLM architectures across major datasets designed to assess complex video-focused reasoning. We identify where the bias is most pronounced and demonstrate to what extent model responses reflect genuine understanding of video content and related questions, as opposed to reliance on arbitrary patterns or superficial cues, such as answer position. By decomposing the MCQA task and adapting fairness bias metrics to VLMs, we introduce a post-processing calibration technique BOLD to balance this bias. Our results show that reducing selection bias improves not only debiasing metrics but also overall model performance, including Accuracy and F1 Mean score. Our method, by suppressing "blind guessing", offers a more cost- and time-effective approach to mitigating selection bias compared to existing techniques. This study represents the first focused investigation of selection bias in video-to-text LLM-powered models.

Key facts. Cited by 11 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 23 of its 41 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 18 Oct 2024.

Builds on

23 of 41 references.

References · 23

  1. 2021Learning Transferable Visual Models From Natural Language Supervisioncited by 33,744
  2. 2023LLaMA: Open and Efficient Foundation Language Modelscited by 14,132
  3. 2016Making the V in VQA Matter: Elevating the Role of Image Understanding in Visual Question Answeringcited by 2,516
  4. 2023MMBench: Is Your Multi-modal Model an All-around Player?cited by 2,141
  5. 2023Video-LLaMA: An Instruction-tuned Audio-Visual Language Model for Video Understandingcited by 1,471
  6. 2024Video-MME: The First-Ever Comprehensive Evaluation Benchmark of Multi-modal LLMs in Video Analysiscited by 1,413
  7. 2023Video-LLaVA: Learning United Visual Representation by Alignment Before Projectioncited by 1,402
  8. 2021Frozen in Time: A Joint Video and Image Encoder for End-to-End Retrievalcited by 1,177
  9. 2023ImageBind: One Embedding Space To Bind Them Allcited by 1,175
  10. 2021NExT-QA:Next Phase of Question-Answering to Explaining Temporal Actionscited by 744
  11. 2023Large Language Models Are Not Robust Multiple Choice Selectorscited by 486
  12. 2023Perception Test: A Diagnostic Benchmark for Multimodal Video Modelscited by 314
11 more
  1. 2023Large Language Models Sensitivity to The Order of Options in Multiple-Choice Questionscited by 263
  2. 2019Action Genome: Actions as Composition of Spatio-temporal Scene Graphscited by 250
  3. 2024STAR: A Benchmark for Situated Reasoning in Real-World Videoscited by 213
  4. 2024An Introduction to Vision-Language Modelingcited by 178
  5. 2024Artifacts or Abduction: How Do LLMs Answer Multiple-Choice Questions Without the Question?cited by 71
  6. 2024"My Answer is C": First-Token Probabilities Do Not Match Text Answers in Instruction-Tuned Language Modelscited by 69
  7. 2024Can multiple-choice questions really be useful in detecting the abilities of LLMs?cited by 69
  8. 2023Fool Your (Vision and) Language Model With Embarrassingly Simple Permutationscited by 25
  9. 2017Temporal Dynamic Graph LSTM for Action-driven Video Object Detectioncited by 23
  10. 2023Understanding Unimodal Bias in Multimodal Deep Linear Networkscited by 19
  11. 2024Strengthened Symbol Binding Makes Large Language Models Reliable Multiple-Choice Selectorscited by 15

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Citing papers per year: 2025: 4; 2026: 7.

11 papers.

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  1. 2025Benchmarking and Mitigating MCQA Selection Bias of Large Vision-Language Models
  2. 2025More Bias, Less Bias: BiasPrompting for Enhanced Multiple-Choice Question Answering
  3. 2025A Video Is Not Worth a Thousand Words
  4. 2025A.I.R.: Enabling Adaptive, Iterative, and Reasoning-based Frame Selection For Video Question Answering
  5. 2025Team of One: Cracking Complex Video QA with Model Synergy
  6. 2026Disagreement-Based Cross-Model Routing for Implicit Video Question Answering
  7. 2026When No Answer Is Correct: Diagnosing Absent Answer Detection for MLLMs in Video Understanding
  8. 2025Mitigating Easy Option Bias in Multiple-Choice Question Answering