mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Cross-Lingual Auto Evaluation for Assessing Multilingual LLMs

arXiv 2410.13394 ↗First posted 17 Oct 2024cs.CLcited by 18

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Abstract (arXiv)

Evaluating machine-generated text remains a significant challenge in NLP, especially for non-English languages. Current methodologies, including automated metrics, human assessments, and LLM-based evaluations, predominantly focus on English, revealing a significant gap in multilingual evaluation frameworks. We introduce the Cross Lingual Auto Evaluation (CIA) Suite, an extensible framework that includes evaluator LLMs (Hercule) and a novel test set (Recon) specifically designed for multilingual evaluation. Our test set features 500 human-annotated instructions spanning various task capabilities along with human judgment scores across six languages. This would enable benchmarking of general-purpose multilingual LLMs and facilitate meta-evaluation of Evaluator LLMs. The proposed model, Hercule, is a cross-lingual evaluation model that addresses the scarcity of reference answers in the target language by learning to assign scores to responses based on easily available reference answers in English. Our experiments demonstrate that Hercule aligns more closely with human judgments compared to proprietary models, demonstrating the effectiveness of such cross-lingual evaluation in low resource scenarios. Further, it is also effective in zero-shot evaluation on unseen languages. This study is the first comprehensive examination of cross-lingual evaluation using LLMs, presenting a scalable and effective approach for multilingual assessment. All code, datasets, and models will be publicly available to enable further research in this important area.

Key facts. Cited by 18 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 39 of its 58 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 17 Oct 2024.

Builds on

39 of 58 references.

References · 39

  1. 2024The Llama 3 Herd of Modelscited by 14,715
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27 more
  1. 2020COMET: A Neural Framework for MT Evaluationcited by 1,033
  2. 2018XNLI: Evaluating Cross-lingual Sentence Representationscited by 915
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  5. 2023AlpacaFarm: A Simulation Framework for Methods that Learn from Human Feedbackcited by 748
  6. 2020XTREME: A Massively Multilingual Multi-task Benchmark for Evaluating Cross-lingual Generalizationcited by 742
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  8. 2023Can Large Language Models Be an Alternative to Human Evaluations?cited by 734
  9. 2023Language Models are Super Mario: Absorbing Abilities from Homologous Models as a Free Lunchcited by 694
  10. 2021Merging Models with Fisher-Weighted Averagingcited by 621
  11. 2023Prometheus: Inducing Fine-grained Evaluation Capability in Language Modelscited by 575
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Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2024: 2; 2025: 3; 2026: 13.

18 papers.

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  1. 2024From Generation to Judgment: Opportunities and Challenges of LLM-as-a-judgecited by 494
  2. 2024Multilingual Large Language Models: A Systematic Surveycited by 18
  3. 2026Generating and Refining Dynamic Evaluation Rubrics for LLM-as-a-Judgecited by 8
  4. 2025Exploring the Multilingual NLG Evaluation Abilities of LLM-Based Evaluatorscited by 5
  5. 2025Checklist Engineering Empowers Multilingual LLM Judgescited by 3
  6. 2025MENLO: From Preferences to Proficiency -- Evaluating and Modeling Native-like Quality Across 47 Languagescited by 3
  7. 2026Fairness or Fluency? An Investigation into Language Bias of Pairwise LLM-as-a-Judgecited by 3
  8. 2026Cross-Lingual LLM-Judge Transfer via Evaluation Decompositioncited by 3
  9. 2026Mitigating Translationese Bias in Multilingual LLM-as-a-Judge via Disentangled Information Bottleneckcited by 2
  10. 2026Multilingual Prompt Localization for Agent-as-a-Judge: Language and Backbone Sensitivity in Requirement-Level Evaluationcited by 2
  11. 2026Challenges and Recommendations for LLM-as-a-Judge in Multilingual Settings and for Low-Resource Languagescited by 1
  12. 2026CLM-Bench: Benchmarking and Analyzing Cross-lingual Misalignment of LLMs in Knowledge Editingcited by 0
6 more
  1. 2026Towards Cross-lingual Values Judgment: A Consensus-Pluralism Perspectivecited by 0
  2. 2026PEEM: Prompt Engineering Evaluation Metrics for Interpretable Joint Evaluation of Prompts and Responsescited by 0
  3. 2026Towards Reliable Multilingual LLMs-as-a-Judge: An Empirical Studycited by 0
  4. 2026Rank Reversal in Multilingual LLM Judges: A Label-Free Double-Centering Calibratorcited by 0
  5. 2026PetQA: Benchmarking Veterinary Knowledge and Clinical Reasoningcited by 0
  6. 2026Fantastic Metrics and How to Find Them: Meta-Evaluating Metrics for Multi-lingual Style-Personalized Generationcited by 0