OmnixR: Evaluating Omni-modality Language Models on Reasoning across Modalities
On the map: LLM reasoning → Multimodal reasoning
Abstract (arXiv)
We introduce OmnixR, an evaluation suite designed to benchmark SoTA Omni-modality Language Models, such as GPT-4o and Gemini. Evaluating OLMs, which integrate multiple modalities such as text, vision, and audio, presents unique challenges. Particularly, the user message might often consist of multiple modalities, such that OLMs have to establish holistic understanding and reasoning across modalities to accomplish the task. Existing benchmarks are limited to single modality or dual-modality tasks, overlooking comprehensive multi-modal assessments of model reasoning. To address this, OmnixR offers two evaluation variants: (1)synthetic subset: a synthetic dataset generated automatically by translating text into multiple modalities--audio, images, video, and hybrids (Omnify). (2)realistic subset: a real-world dataset, manually curated and annotated by experts, for evaluating cross-modal reasoning in natural settings. OmnixR presents a unique evaluation towards assessing OLMs over a diverse mix of modalities, such as a question that involves video, audio, and text, providing a rigorous cross-modal reasoning testbed unlike any existing benchmarks. Our experiments find that all state-of-the-art OLMs struggle with OmnixR questions that require integrating information from multiple modalities to answer. Further analysis highlights differences in reasoning behavior, underscoring the challenges of omni-modal AI alignment.
Key facts. Cited by 16 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Multimodal reasoning, one of 17 directions in LLM reasoning. Builds on 14 of its 41 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 16 Oct 2024.
Builds on
14 of 41 references.
References · 14
- 2024The Llama 3 Herd of Modelscited by 14,715
- 2021Training Verifiers to Solve Math Word Problemscited by 10,109
- 2018Think you have Solved Question Answering? Try ARC, the AI2 Reasoning Challengecited by 4,886
- 2023InternVL: Scaling up Vision Foundation Models and Aligning for Generic Visual-Linguistic Taskscited by 2,565
- 2019ViLBERT: Pretraining Task-Agnostic Visiolinguistic Representations for Vision-and-Language Taskscited by 2,222
- 2024How Far Are We to GPT-4V? Closing the Gap to Commercial Multimodal Models with Open-Source Suitescited by 1,050
- 2023Gemini: A Family of Highly Capable Multimodal Modelscited by 872
- 2024MathVerse: Does Your Multi-modal LLM Truly See the Diagrams in Visual Math Problems?cited by 586
- 2023Listen, Think, and Understandcited by 209
- 2024MMBench-Video: A Long-Form Multi-Shot Benchmark for Holistic Video Understandingcited by 182
- 2024An Introduction to Vision-Language Modelingcited by 178
- 2024GAMA: A Large Audio-Language Model with Advanced Audio Understanding and Complex Reasoning Abilitiescited by 156
2 more
- 2023Video-Bench: A Comprehensive Benchmark and Toolkit for Evaluating Video-based Large Language Modelscited by 107
- 2024Imagen 3cited by 27
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Citing papers per year: 2024: 1; 2025: 6; 2026: 9.
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- 2025Perception, Reason, Think, and Plan: A Survey on Large Multimodal Reasoning Modelscited by 90
- 2025Judge Anything: MLLM as a Judge Across Any Modalitycited by 34
- 2024From Specific-MLLMs to Omni-MLLMs: A Survey on MLLMs Aligned with Multi-modalitiescited by 22
- 2025Mind with Eyes: from Language Reasoning to Multimodal Reasoningcited by 22
- 2026OmniGAIA: Towards Native Omni-Modal AI Agentscited by 22
- 2026Do Audio-Visual Large Language Models Really See and Hear?cited by 9
- 2025MultiVox: A Benchmark for Evaluating Voice Assistants for Multimodal Interactionscited by 7
- 2025Same Content, Different Answers: Cross-Modal Inconsistency in MLLMscited by 7
- 2026ThinkOmni: Lifting Textual Reasoning to Omni-modal Scenarios via Guidance Decodingcited by 7
- 2026Towards Understanding Modality Interaction in Multimodal Language Models via Partial Information Decompositioncited by 5
- 2026Audio-Visual Intelligence in Large Foundation Modelscited by 2
- 2026AVI-Bench: Toward Human-like Audio-Visual Intelligence of Omni-MLLMscited by 1
4 more
- 2025Contra4: Evaluating Contrastive Cross-Modal Reasoning in Audio, Video, Image, and 3Dcited by 0
- 2026TokenSwap: Benchmarking and Reducing the Modality Gap in Multimodal LLMscited by 0
- 2026Text-Centric Post-Training for Omni-Modal Reasoningcited by 0
- 2026Omni-Modal LLMs Know More Than They Saycited by 0
- 2026Omni-Modal LLMs Know More Than They Say12 Oct 2026
- 2026Text-Centric Post-Training for Omni-Modal Reasoning2 Oct 2026
- 2026AVI-Bench: Toward Human-like Audio-Visual Intelligence of Omni-MLLMs1 Jun 2026
- 2026Towards Understanding Modality Interaction in Multimodal Language Models via Partial Information Decomposition31 May 2026
- 2026TokenSwap: Benchmarking and Reducing the Modality Gap in Multimodal LLMs20 May 2026
- 2026Audio-Visual Intelligence in Large Foundation Models5 May 2026
- 2026Do Audio-Visual Large Language Models Really See and Hear?3 Apr 2026
- 2026ThinkOmni: Lifting Textual Reasoning to Omni-modal Scenarios via Guidance Decoding26 Feb 2026
- 2026OmniGAIA: Towards Native Omni-Modal AI Agents26 Feb 2026
- 2025Same Content, Different Answers: Cross-Modal Inconsistency in MLLMs9 Dec 2025
- 2025MultiVox: A Benchmark for Evaluating Voice Assistants for Multimodal Interactions14 Jul 2025
- 2025Contra4: Evaluating Contrastive Cross-Modal Reasoning in Audio, Video, Image, and 3D2 Jun 2025
4 more
- 2025Perception, Reason, Think, and Plan: A Survey on Large Multimodal Reasoning Models8 May 2025
- 2025Mind with Eyes: from Language Reasoning to Multimodal Reasoning23 Mar 2025
- 2025Judge Anything: MLLM as a Judge Across Any Modality21 Mar 2025
- 2024From Specific-MLLMs to Omni-MLLMs: A Survey on MLLMs Aligned with Multi-modalities16 Dec 2024
- 2025Perception, Reason, Think, and Plan: A Survey on Large Multimodal Reasoning Modelscited by 90
- 2025Mind with Eyes: from Language Reasoning to Multimodal Reasoningcited by 22
- 2026ThinkOmni: Lifting Textual Reasoning to Omni-modal Scenarios via Guidance Decodingcited by 7
- 2026Text-Centric Post-Training for Omni-Modal Reasoningcited by 0
- 2026Text-Centric Post-Training for Omni-Modal Reasoning2 Oct 2026
- 2026ThinkOmni: Lifting Textual Reasoning to Omni-modal Scenarios via Guidance Decoding26 Feb 2026
- 2025Perception, Reason, Think, and Plan: A Survey on Large Multimodal Reasoning Models8 May 2025
- 2025Mind with Eyes: from Language Reasoning to Multimodal Reasoning23 Mar 2025
- 2025Same Content, Different Answers: Cross-Modal Inconsistency in MLLMscited by 7
- 2026Towards Understanding Modality Interaction in Multimodal Language Models via Partial Information Decompositioncited by 5
- 2026AVI-Bench: Toward Human-like Audio-Visual Intelligence of Omni-MLLMscited by 1
- 2026TokenSwap: Benchmarking and Reducing the Modality Gap in Multimodal LLMscited by 0
- 2026AVI-Bench: Toward Human-like Audio-Visual Intelligence of Omni-MLLMs1 Jun 2026
- 2026Towards Understanding Modality Interaction in Multimodal Language Models via Partial Information Decomposition31 May 2026
- 2026TokenSwap: Benchmarking and Reducing the Modality Gap in Multimodal LLMs20 May 2026
- 2025Same Content, Different Answers: Cross-Modal Inconsistency in MLLMs9 Dec 2025
- 2026OmniGAIA: Towards Native Omni-Modal AI Agentscited by 22
- 2026OmniGAIA: Towards Native Omni-Modal AI Agents26 Feb 2026
- 2025Judge Anything: MLLM as a Judge Across Any Modalitycited by 34
- 2024From Specific-MLLMs to Omni-MLLMs: A Survey on MLLMs Aligned with Multi-modalitiescited by 22
- 2026Do Audio-Visual Large Language Models Really See and Hear?cited by 9
- 2025MultiVox: A Benchmark for Evaluating Voice Assistants for Multimodal Interactionscited by 7
- 2026Audio-Visual Intelligence in Large Foundation Modelscited by 2
- 2025Contra4: Evaluating Contrastive Cross-Modal Reasoning in Audio, Video, Image, and 3Dcited by 0
- 2026Omni-Modal LLMs Know More Than They Saycited by 0
- 2026Omni-Modal LLMs Know More Than They Say12 Oct 2026
- 2026Audio-Visual Intelligence in Large Foundation Models5 May 2026
- 2026Do Audio-Visual Large Language Models Really See and Hear?3 Apr 2026
- 2025MultiVox: A Benchmark for Evaluating Voice Assistants for Multimodal Interactions14 Jul 2025
- 2025Contra4: Evaluating Contrastive Cross-Modal Reasoning in Audio, Video, Image, and 3D2 Jun 2025
- 2025Judge Anything: MLLM as a Judge Across Any Modality21 Mar 2025
- 2024From Specific-MLLMs to Omni-MLLMs: A Survey on MLLMs Aligned with Multi-modalities16 Dec 2024
Similar, not cited
Close in wording, no citation either way
- 2024OmniBench: Towards The Future of Universal Omni-Language Models
- 2025XModBench: Benchmarking Cross-Modal Capabilities and Consistency in Omni-Language Models
- 2026Boosting Omni-Modal Language Models: Staged Post-Training with Visually Debiased Evaluation
- 2025OMHBench: Benchmarking Balanced and Grounded Omni-Modal Multi-Hop Reasoning
- 2025FysicsWorld: A Unified Full-Modality Benchmark for Any-to-Any Understanding, Generation, and Reasoning
- 2026Cross-Modal Coreference Alignment: Enabling Reliable Information Transfer in Omni-LLMs
- 2026C3PO: Evaluating Cross-Modal Composition and Counterfactual Performance in Omnimodal Models
- 2026Evaluating Cross-Modal Reasoning Ability and Problem Characteristics with Multimodal Item Response Theory