mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Empowering Users in Digital Privacy Management through Interactive LLM-Based Agents

arXiv 2410.11906 ↗First posted 15 Oct 2024cs.HC cs.AI cs.CRcited by 9

On the map: LLM agents and tool use → Agent threats, guardrails and governance

Abstract (arXiv)

This paper presents a novel application of large language models (LLMs) to enhance user comprehension of privacy policies through an interactive dialogue agent. We demonstrate that LLMs significantly outperform traditional models in tasks like Data Practice Identification, Choice Identification, Policy Summarization, and Privacy Question Answering, setting new benchmarks in privacy policy analysis. Building on these findings, we introduce an innovative LLM-based agent that functions as an expert system for processing website privacy policies, guiding users through complex legal language without requiring them to pose specific questions. A user study with 100 participants showed that users assisted by the agent had higher comprehension levels (mean score of 2.6 out of 3 vs. 1.8 in the control group), reduced cognitive load (task difficulty ratings of 3.2 out of 10 vs. 7.8), increased confidence in managing privacy, and completed tasks in less time (5.5 minutes vs. 15.8 minutes). This work highlights the potential of LLM-based agents to transform user interaction with privacy policies, leading to more informed consent and empowering users in the digital services landscape.

Key facts. Cited by 9 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Agent threats, guardrails and governance, one of 16 directions in LLM agents and tool use. Builds on 7 of its 35 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 15 Oct 2024.

Builds on

7 of 35 references.

References · 7

  1. 2023GPT-4 Technical Reportcited by 18,132
  2. 2022Training language models to follow instructions with human feedbackcited by 15,712
  3. 2023Sparks of Artificial General Intelligence: Early experiments with GPT-4cited by 2,579
  4. 2022Emergent Abilities of Large Language Modelscited by 2,483
  5. 2019Question Answering for Privacy Policies: Combining Computational and Legal Perspectivescited by 65
  6. 2018Polisis: Automated Analysis and Presentation of Privacy Policies Using Deep Learningcited by 50
  7. 2020PolicyQA: A Reading Comprehension Dataset for Privacy Policiescited by 31

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2025: 5; 2026: 4.

9 papers.

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2026Privacy Control in Conversational LLM Platforms: A Walkthrough Study
  2. 2026PrivacyReasoner: Can LLM Emulate a Human-like Privacy Mind?
  3. 2026NeuroFilter: Activation-Based Guardrails for Privacy-Conscious LLM Agents
  4. 2025Explainable AI in Usable Privacy and Security: Challenges and Opportunities
  5. 2025A Longitudinal Measurement of Privacy Policy Evolution for Large Language Models
  6. 2023"It's a Fair Game", or Is It? Examining How Users Navigate Disclosure Risks and Benefits When Using LLM-Based Conversational Agents
  7. 20251-2-3 Check: Enhancing Contextual Privacy in LLM via Multi-Agent Reasoning
  8. 2024The Emerged Security and Privacy of LLM Agent: A Survey with Case Studies