mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Progressively Label Enhancement for Large Language Model Alignment

arXiv 2408.02599 ↗First posted 5 Aug 2024cs.CL cs.AIcited by 1

On the map: LLM alignment / RLHF / preference optimisation → LLM preference optimization methods

Abstract (arXiv)

Large Language Models (LLM) alignment aims to prevent models from producing content that misaligns with human expectations, which can lead to ethical and legal concerns. In the last few years, Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) has been the most prominent method for achieving alignment. Due to challenges in stability and scalability with RLHF stages, which arise from the complex interactions between multiple models, researchers are exploring alternative methods to achieve effects comparable to those of RLHF. However, these methods often rely on large high-quality datasets. Despite some methods considering the generation of additional data to expand datasets, they often treat model training and data generation as separate and static processes, overlooking the fact that these processes are highly interdependent, leading to inefficient utilization of the generated data. To deal with this problem, we propose PLE, i.e., Progressively Label Enhancement for LLM Alignment, a framework that dynamically adjusts the model's training process based on the evolving quality of the generated data. Specifically, we prompt the model to generate responses for both the original query and the query guided by a set of carefully designed principles, and then utilize a dynamic threshold to determine the appropriate training approach for both responses based on their corresponding reward scores. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of PLE compared to existing LLM alignment methods.

Key facts. Cited by 1 paper in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in LLM preference optimization methods, one of 10 directions in LLM alignment / RLHF / preference optimisation. Builds on 23 of its 28 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 5 Aug 2024.

Builds on

23 of 28 references.

Closest ancestors · 4

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2023Principle-Driven Self-Alignment of Language Models from Scratch with Minimal Human Supervision4 May
  2. 2022Self-Instruct: Aligning Language Models with Self-Generated Instructions20 Dec
  3. 2022Training language models to follow instructions with human feedback4 Mar
  4. 2021A General Language Assistant as a Laboratory for Alignment1 Dec

Other references · 19

  1. 2023GPT-4 Technical Reportcited by 18,396
  2. 2017Proximal Policy Optimization Algorithmscited by 15,215
  3. 2021LoRA: Low-Rank Adaptation of Large Language Modelscited by 14,380
  4. 2023LLaMA: Open and Efficient Foundation Language Modelscited by 14,132
  5. 2023Direct Preference Optimization: Your Language Model is Secretly a Reward Modelcited by 8,065
  6. 2022Training a Helpful and Harmless Assistant with Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedbackcited by 3,720
  7. 2022Constitutional AI: Harmlessness from AI Feedbackcited by 3,050
  8. 2020Learning to summarize from human feedbackcited by 2,588
  9. 2019Fine-Tuning Language Models from Human Preferencescited by 2,150
  10. 2023RAFT: Reward rAnked FineTuning for Generative Foundation Model Alignmentcited by 686
  11. 2023RRHF: Rank Responses to Align Language Models with Human Feedback without tearscited by 463
  12. 2018Scalable agent alignment via reward modeling: a research directioncited by 447
7 more
  1. 2023ChatDoctor: A Medical Chat Model Fine-Tuned on a Large Language Model Meta-AI (LLaMA) Using Medical Domain Knowledgecited by 325
  2. 2023Prompting Large Language Model for Machine Translation: A Case Studycited by 250
  3. 2023Zhongjing: Enhancing the Chinese Medical Capabilities of Large Language Model through Expert Feedback and Real-world Multi-turn Dialoguecited by 119
  4. 2021Learning with Feature-Dependent Label Noise: A Progressive Approachcited by 102
  5. 2019On Extractive and Abstractive Neural Document Summarization with Transformer Language Modelscited by 83
  6. 2022Enabling Conversational Interaction with Mobile UI using Large Language Modelscited by 66
  7. 2022Progressive Purification for Instance-Dependent Partial Label Learningcited by 23

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Citing papers per year: 2025: 1.

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  1. 2024Efficient Alignment of Large Language Models via Data Sampling
  2. 2024Aligning Large Language Models via Fine-grained Supervision
  3. 2025KL-Regularized RLHF with Multiple Reference Models: Exact Solutions and Sample Complexity
  4. 2024Proxy-RLHF: Decoupling Generation and Alignment in Large Language Model with Proxy
  5. 2025A Survey on Training-free Alignment of Large Language Models
  6. 2025RE-PO: Robust Enhanced Policy Optimization as a General Framework for LLM Alignment
  7. 2023Aligning Large Language Models through Synthetic Feedback
  8. 2024Aligning Large Language Models with Representation Editing: A Control Perspective