mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Re-Invoke: Tool Invocation Rewriting for Zero-Shot Tool Retrieval

arXiv 2408.01875 ↗First posted 3 Aug 2024cs.CLcited by 50

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Cited by 39 in LLM agents and tool use, but placed by its own abstract, which didn’t fit.

Abstract (arXiv)

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have enabled autonomous agents with complex reasoning and task-fulfillment capabilities using a wide range of tools. However, effectively identifying the most relevant tools for a given task becomes a key bottleneck as the toolset size grows, hindering reliable tool utilization. To address this, we introduce Re-Invoke, an unsupervised tool retrieval method designed to scale effectively to large toolsets without training. Specifically, we first generate a diverse set of synthetic queries that comprehensively cover different aspects of the query space associated with each tool document during the tool indexing phase. Second, we leverage LLM's query understanding capabilities to extract key tool-related context and underlying intents from user queries during the inference phase. Finally, we employ a novel multi-view similarity ranking strategy based on intents to pinpoint the most relevant tools for each query. Our evaluation demonstrates that Re-Invoke significantly outperforms state-of-the-art alternatives in both single-tool and multi-tool scenarios, all within a fully unsupervised setting. Notably, on the ToolE datasets, we achieve a 20% relative improvement in nDCG@5 for single-tool retrieval and a 39% improvement for multi-tool retrieval.

Key facts. Cited by 50 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 28 of its 44 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 3 Aug 2024.

Builds on

28 of 44 references.

References · 28

  1. 2023LLaMA: Open and Efficient Foundation Language Modelscited by 13,958
  2. 2022ReAct: Synergizing Reasoning and Acting in Language Modelscited by 8,355
  3. 2023Toolformer: Language Models Can Teach Themselves to Use Toolscited by 4,072
  4. 2021Finetuned Language Models Are Zero-Shot Learnerscited by 3,747
  5. 2023Lost in the Middle: How Language Models Use Long Contextscited by 3,383
  6. 2023ToolLLM: Facilitating Large Language Models to Master 16000+ Real-world APIscited by 1,880
  7. 2023Gorilla: Large Language Model Connected with Massive APIscited by 1,302
  8. 2023AGIEval: A Human-Centric Benchmark for Evaluating Foundation Modelscited by 701
  9. 2023API-Bank: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Tool-Augmented LLMscited by 574
  10. 2022Precise Zero-Shot Dense Retrieval without Relevance Labelscited by 508
  11. 2023ToolAlpaca: Generalized Tool Learning for Language Models with 3000 Simulated Casescited by 383
  12. 2023Large Language Models as Tool Makerscited by 293
16 more
  1. 2023ToolQA: A Dataset for LLM Question Answering with External Toolscited by 273
  2. 2023ToolkenGPT: Augmenting Frozen Language Models with Massive Tools via Tool Embeddingscited by 238
  3. 2019Document Expansion by Query Predictioncited by 225
  4. 2023MetaTool Benchmark for Large Language Models: Deciding Whether to Use Tools and Which to Usecited by 209
  5. 2021PAQ: 65 Million Probably-Asked Questions and What You Can Do With Themcited by 198
  6. 2024EASYTOOL: Enhancing LLM-based Agents with Concise Tool Instructioncited by 153
  7. 2019Synthetic QA Corpora Generation with Roundtrip Consistencycited by 143
  8. 2020Few-Shot Generative Conversational Query Rewritingcited by 85
  9. 2023Large Language Models Know Your Contextual Search Intent: A Prompting Framework for Conversational Searchcited by 74
  10. 2024Tell Me More! Towards Implicit User Intention Understanding of Language Model Driven Agentscited by 71
  11. 2023Enhancing Conversational Search: Large Language Model-Aided Informative Query Rewritingcited by 69
  12. 2023Confucius: Iterative Tool Learning from Introspection Feedback by Easy-to-Difficult Curriculumcited by 64
  13. 2023TPTU-v2: Boosting Task Planning and Tool Usage of Large Language Model-based Agents in Real-world Systemscited by 39
  14. 2023Large Language Models are Strong Zero-Shot Retrievercited by 25
  15. 2023Context Aware Query Rewriting for Text Rankers using LLMcited by 14
  16. 2023Pre-training with Large Language Model-based Document Expansion for Dense Passage Retrievalcited by 7

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2024: 4; 2025: 18; 2026: 28.

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  1. 2024ToolGen: Unified Tool Retrieval and Calling via Generationcited by 72
  2. 2025Towards Agentic RAG with Deep Reasoning: A Survey of RAG-Reasoning Systems in LLMscited by 40
  3. 2025Magnet: Multi-turn Tool-use Data Synthesis and Distillation via Graph Translationcited by 37
  4. 2025ScaleMCP: Dynamic and Auto-Synchronizing Model Context Protocol Tools for LLM Agentscited by 36
  5. 2025MCP-Zero: Active Tool Discovery for Autonomous LLM Agentscited by 32
  6. 2024Large Model Based Agents: State-of-the-Art, Cooperation Paradigms, Security and Privacy, and Future Trendscited by 26
  7. 2024Toolshed: Scale Tool-Equipped Agents with Advanced RAG-Tool Fusion and Tool Knowledge Basescited by 23
  8. 2025MemTool: Optimizing Short-Term Memory Management for Dynamic Tool Calling in LLM Agent Multi-Turn Conversationscited by 21
  9. 2025ToolScope: Enhancing LLM Agent Tool Use through Tool Merging and Context-Aware Filteringcited by 19
  10. 2026Don't Break the Cache: An Evaluation of Prompt Caching for Long-Horizon Agentic Taskscited by 18
  11. 2025Graph RAG-Tool Fusioncited by 15
  12. 2025Tool-to-Agent Retrieval: Bridging Tools and Agents for Scalable LLM Multi-Agent Systemscited by 15
38 more
  1. 2026SkillDAG: Self-Evolving Typed Skill Graphs for LLM Skill Selection at Scalecited by 15
  2. 2026The Evolution of Tool Use in LLM Agents: From Single-Tool Call to Multi-Tool Orchestrationcited by 11
  3. 2025BEDI: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Evaluating Embodied Agents on UAVscited by 10
  4. 2025Keyword search is all you need: Achieving RAG-Level Performance without vector databases using agentic tool usecited by 10
  5. 2026SkillRAE: Agent Skill-Based Context Compilation for Retrieval-Augmented Executioncited by 8
  6. 2025Enhancing Tool Learning in Large Language Models with Hierarchical Error Checklistscited by 7
  7. 2026ToolOmni: Enabling Open-World Tool Use via Agentic learning with Proactive Retrieval and Grounded Executioncited by 7
  8. 2025TURA: Tool-Augmented Unified Retrieval Agent for AI Searchcited by 6
  9. 2025Comparison of Text-Based and Image-Based Retrieval in Multimodal Retrieval Augmented Generation Large Language Model Systemscited by 4
  10. 2025Agent-as-a-Graph: Knowledge Graph-Based Tool and Agent Retrieval for LLM Multi-Agent Systemscited by 4
  11. 2026SkillSight: Calibrating Generic Content Bias for Skill Retrievalcited by 4
  12. 2024Task-Aligned Tool Recommendation for Large Language Modelscited by 3
  13. 2025GATE: Graph-based Adaptive Tool Evolution Across Diverse Taskscited by 3
  14. 2025LoSemB: Logic-Guided Semantic Bridging for Inductive Tool Retrievalcited by 3
  15. 2026Beyond Single-Shot: Multi-step Tool Retrieval via Query Planningcited by 2
  16. 2026Multi-Field Tool Retrievalcited by 2
  17. 2026RS-Claw: Progressive Active Tool Exploration via Hierarchical Skill Trees for Remote Sensing Agentscited by 2
  18. 2026Risk-Aware Reranking for Agentic Tool Retrievalcited by 2
  19. 2025Remote Sensing Image Intelligent Interpretation with the Language-Centered Perspective: Principles, Methods and Challengescited by 1
  20. 2025In-N-Out: A Parameter-Level API Graph Dataset for Tool Agentscited by 1
  21. 2026ToolWeave: Structured Synthesis of Complex Multi-Turn Tool-Calling Dialoguescited by 1
  22. 2026Bidirectional Semantic Complementary Tool Retrieval for Remote Sensing Agentscited by 1
  23. 2026Scaling Enterprise Agent Routing: Degradation, Diagnosis, and Recoverycited by 1
  24. 2026MagicSelector: Joint Optimization for Agent Tool Selection via Counterfactual Decomposition and Progressive Rerankingcited by 1
  25. 2026MARVEL: Multimodal Adaptive Reasoning-intensiVe Expand-rerank and retrievaLcited by 0
  26. 2026FitText: Evolving Agent Tool Ecologies via Memetic Retrievalcited by 0
  27. 2026From Intent to Execution: Composing Agentic Workflows with Agent Recommendationcited by 0
  28. 2026CoHyDE: Iterative Co-Training of LLM Rewriter & Dense Encoder for Tool Retrievalcited by 0
  29. 2026ParaTool: Shifting Tool Representations from Context to Parameterscited by 0
  30. 2026ToolAtlas: Learning Once, Reusing Everywhere with Tool-Side Memorycited by 0
  31. 2026Getting the Parameters Right: A Difficulty-Graded Benchmark and Probe-Guided Training for LLM Tool Callscited by 0
  32. 2026String: An Agentic OS Where Every App Is a Markdown Filecited by 0
  33. 2026Implicit Manipulation for Skill Selection in LLM Agents with Semantic Matchingcited by 0
  34. 2026Self-Evolving Search Indexcited by 0
  35. 2026Toollery: Scaling LLM Agents to Thousands of Skills and Toolscited by 0
  36. 2026What Does a Skill Actually Do? Estimands and Evaluation Validity for Tool and Skill Use in LLM Agents: A Critical Reviewcited by 0
  37. 2026What Can Component-Replacement Evidence Establish? A Critical Scoping Review of Local Decisions in LLM Agentscited by 0
  38. 2026Federated Agent Optimizationcited by 0