Relational Representation Distillation

Knowledge distillation transfers knowledge from large teacher models to more compact student networks. The standard approach minimizes the Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergence between the probabilistic outputs of the teacher and student, aligning predictions but neglecting the structural relationships encoded within the teacher's internal representations. Recent advances have adopted contrastive learning objectives to address this limitation; however, such instance-discrimination-based methods induce a "class collision problem", in which semantically related samples are inappropriately pushed apart despite belonging to similar classes. To overcome this, we propose Relational Representation Distillation (RRD) that preserves the relative relationships among instances rather than enforcing absolute separation. Our method introduces separate temperature parameters for teacher and student distributions, with a sharper teacher (low τt) emphasizing primary relationships and a softer student (high τs) maintaining secondary similarities. This dual-temperature formulation creates an implicit information bottleneck that preserves fine-grained relational structure while avoiding the over-separation characteristic of contrastive losses. We establish theoretical connections showing that InfoNCE emerges as a limiting case of our objective when τt rightarrow 0, and empirically demonstrate that this relaxed formulation yields superior relational alignment and generalization across classification and detection tasks.