GraphEval: A Knowledge-Graph Based LLM Hallucination Evaluation Framework
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Abstract (arXiv)
Methods to evaluate Large Language Model (LLM) responses and detect inconsistencies, also known as hallucinations, with respect to the provided knowledge, are becoming increasingly important for LLM applications. Current metrics fall short in their ability to provide explainable decisions, systematically check all pieces of information in the response, and are often too computationally expensive to be used in practice. We present GraphEval: a hallucination evaluation framework based on representing information in Knowledge Graph (KG) structures. Our method identifies the specific triples in the KG that are prone to hallucinations and hence provides more insight into where in the response a hallucination has occurred, if at all, than previous methods. Furthermore, using our approach in conjunction with state-of-the-art natural language inference (NLI) models leads to an improvement in balanced accuracy on various hallucination benchmarks, compared to using the raw NLI models. Lastly, we explore the use of GraphEval for hallucination correction by leveraging the structure of the KG, a method we name GraphCorrect, and demonstrate that the majority of hallucinations can indeed be rectified.
Key facts. Cited by 30 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 27 of its 47 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 15 Jul 2024.
Builds on
27 of 47 references.
References · 27
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15 more
- 2023SelfCheckGPT: Zero-Resource Black-Box Hallucination Detection for Generative Large Language Modelscited by 787
- 2020SummEval: Re-evaluating Summarization Evaluationcited by 666
- 2021SummaC: Re-Visiting NLI-based Models for Inconsistency Detection in Summarizationcited by 402
- 2019PAWS: Paraphrase Adversaries from Word Scramblingcited by 395
- 2020Asking and Answering Questions to Evaluate the Factual Consistency of Summariescited by 376
- 2023Reasoning on Graphs: Faithful and Interpretable Large Language Model Reasoningcited by 326
- 2021Get Your Vitamin C! Robust Fact Verification with Contrastive Evidencecited by 222
- 2024Long-form factuality in large language modelscited by 146
- 2023Self-contradictory Hallucinations of Large Language Models: Evaluation, Detection and Mitigationcited by 123
- 2023LLMs for Knowledge Graph Construction and Reasoning: Recent Capabilities and Future Opportunitiescited by 97
- 2023Can Knowledge Graphs Reduce Hallucinations in LLMs? : A Surveycited by 92
- 2023TrueTeacher: Learning Factual Consistency Evaluation with Large Language Modelscited by 82
- 2023Give Us the Facts: Enhancing Large Language Models with Knowledge Graphs for Fact-aware Language Modelingcited by 56
- 2023PiVe: Prompting with Iterative Verification Improving Graph-based Generative Capability of LLMscited by 44
- 2022FactGraph: Evaluating Factuality in Summarization with Semantic Graph Representationscited by 41
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Citing papers per year: 2024: 4; 2025: 13; 2026: 13.
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- 2024Knowledge Graphs, Large Language Models, and Hallucinations: An NLP Perspectivecited by 29
- 2024FaithBench: A Diverse Hallucination Benchmark for Summarization by Modern LLMscited by 24
- 2025The Scales of Justitia: A Comprehensive Survey on Safety Evaluation of LLMscited by 24
- 2025GraphEval: A Lightweight Graph-Based LLM Framework for Idea Evaluationcited by 17
- 2025FactSelfCheck: Fact-Level Black-Box Hallucination Detection for LLMscited by 14
- 2025GraphCheck: Breaking Long-Term Text Barriers with Extracted Knowledge Graph-Powered Fact-Checkingcited by 12
- 2024A Survey of Event Causality Identification: Taxonomy, Challenges, Assessment, and Prospectscited by 6
- 2025Loki's Dance of Illusions: A Comprehensive Survey of Hallucination in Large Language Modelscited by 6
- 2024LLMs Prompted for Graphs: Hallucinations and Generative Capabilitiescited by 3
- 2025KEA Explain: Explanations of Hallucinations using Graph Kernel Analysiscited by 3
- 2025Mitigating Geospatial Knowledge Hallucination in Large Language Models: Benchmarking and Dynamic Factuality Aligningcited by 3
- 2025Scalable and Reliable Evaluation of AI Knowledge Retrieval Systems: RIKER and the Coherent Simulated Universecited by 3
18 more
- 2026Multi-Sourced, Multi-Agent Evidence Retrieval for Fact-Checkingcited by 3
- 2026Ontology-Constrained Neural Reasoning in Enterprise Agentic Systems: A Neurosymbolic Architecture for Domain-Grounded AI Agentscited by 3
- 2026MHSafeEval: Role-Aware Interaction-Level Evaluation of Mental Health Safety in Large Language Modelscited by 3
- 2025MultiHal: Multilingual Dataset for Knowledge-Graph Grounded Evaluation of LLM Hallucinationscited by 2
- 2026Evidence Graph Consistency in Retrieval-Augmented Generation: A Model-Dependent Analysis of Hallucination Detectioncited by 2
- 2026From Personas to Plot: Character-Grounded Multi-Agent Story Generation for Long-Form Narrativescited by 2
- 2025Continuous Monitoring of Large-Scale Generative AI via Deterministic Knowledge Graph Structurescited by 1
- 2025Eidoku: A Neuro-Symbolic Verification Gate for LLM Reasoning via Structural Constraint Satisfactioncited by 1
- 2026Integrating Graphs, Large Language Models, and Agents: Reasoning and Retrievalcited by 1
- 2025Towards Lighter and Robust Evaluation for Retrieval Augmented Generationcited by 0
- 2025Graphing the Truth: Structured Visualizations for Automated Hallucination Detection in LLMscited by 0
- 2026Graph Alignment Topology as an Inductive Bias for Grounding Detectioncited by 0
- 2026KG-Guard: Graph-Based Hallucination Detection for Knowledge Base Question Answeringcited by 0
- 2026Cross Paraphrastic Invariance Learning for Hallucination Detectioncited by 0
- 2026MedHal-Loc: Are "Explainable-by-Architecture" Medical Hallucination Detectors Faithful Localizers? A Localization Benchmarkcited by 0
- 2026From Found to Designed: Concepts as a Design Axis for Large Language Modelscited by 0
- 2026Evaluation of Contextual Understanding in Large Language Modelscited by 0
- 2026Do LLMs Understand Context? A Knowledge Graph-Based Evaluation Frameworkcited by 0
- 2026Do LLMs Understand Context? A Knowledge Graph-Based Evaluation Framework24 Sep 2026
- 2026Evaluation of Contextual Understanding in Large Language Models8 Sep 2026
- 2026From Found to Designed: Concepts as a Design Axis for Large Language Models29 Jul 2026
- 2026From Personas to Plot: Character-Grounded Multi-Agent Story Generation for Long-Form Narratives1 Jul 2026
- 2026MedHal-Loc: Are "Explainable-by-Architecture" Medical Hallucination Detectors Faithful Localizers? A Localization Benchmark19 Jun 2026
- 2026Cross Paraphrastic Invariance Learning for Hallucination Detection6 Jun 2026
- 2026Evidence Graph Consistency in Retrieval-Augmented Generation: A Model-Dependent Analysis of Hallucination Detection4 Jun 2026
- 2026KG-Guard: Graph-Based Hallucination Detection for Knowledge Base Question Answering29 May 2026
- 2026Graph Alignment Topology as an Inductive Bias for Grounding Detection21 May 2026
- 2026MHSafeEval: Role-Aware Interaction-Level Evaluation of Mental Health Safety in Large Language Models20 Apr 2026
- 2026Integrating Graphs, Large Language Models, and Agents: Reasoning and Retrieval17 Apr 2026
- 2026Ontology-Constrained Neural Reasoning in Enterprise Agentic Systems: A Neurosymbolic Architecture for Domain-Grounded AI Agents1 Apr 2026
18 more
- 2026Multi-Sourced, Multi-Agent Evidence Retrieval for Fact-Checking27 Feb 2026
- 2025Scalable and Reliable Evaluation of AI Knowledge Retrieval Systems: RIKER and the Coherent Simulated Universe22 Dec 2025
- 2025Eidoku: A Neuro-Symbolic Verification Gate for LLM Reasoning via Structural Constraint Satisfaction19 Dec 2025
- 2025Graphing the Truth: Structured Visualizations for Automated Hallucination Detection in LLMs29 Nov 2025
- 2025Continuous Monitoring of Large-Scale Generative AI via Deterministic Knowledge Graph Structures4 Sep 2025
- 2025Mitigating Geospatial Knowledge Hallucination in Large Language Models: Benchmarking and Dynamic Factuality Aligning25 Jul 2025
- 2025KEA Explain: Explanations of Hallucinations using Graph Kernel Analysis5 Jul 2025
- 2025Loki's Dance of Illusions: A Comprehensive Survey of Hallucination in Large Language Models6 Jun 2025
- 2025The Scales of Justitia: A Comprehensive Survey on Safety Evaluation of LLMs6 Jun 2025
- 2025MultiHal: Multilingual Dataset for Knowledge-Graph Grounded Evaluation of LLM Hallucinations20 May 2025
- 2025FactSelfCheck: Fact-Level Black-Box Hallucination Detection for LLMs21 Mar 2025
- 2025Towards Lighter and Robust Evaluation for Retrieval Augmented Generation20 Mar 2025
- 2025GraphEval: A Lightweight Graph-Based LLM Framework for Idea Evaluation16 Mar 2025
- 2025GraphCheck: Breaking Long-Term Text Barriers with Extracted Knowledge Graph-Powered Fact-Checking23 Feb 2025
- 2024Knowledge Graphs, Large Language Models, and Hallucinations: An NLP Perspective21 Nov 2024
- 2024A Survey of Event Causality Identification: Taxonomy, Challenges, Assessment, and Prospects15 Nov 2024
- 2024FaithBench: A Diverse Hallucination Benchmark for Summarization by Modern LLMs17 Oct 2024
- 2024LLMs Prompted for Graphs: Hallucinations and Generative Capabilities30 Aug 2024
- 2026Ontology-Constrained Neural Reasoning in Enterprise Agentic Systems: A Neurosymbolic Architecture for Domain-Grounded AI Agentscited by 3
- 2025Eidoku: A Neuro-Symbolic Verification Gate for LLM Reasoning via Structural Constraint Satisfactioncited by 1
- 2026Integrating Graphs, Large Language Models, and Agents: Reasoning and Retrievalcited by 1
- 2026Integrating Graphs, Large Language Models, and Agents: Reasoning and Retrieval17 Apr 2026
- 2026Ontology-Constrained Neural Reasoning in Enterprise Agentic Systems: A Neurosymbolic Architecture for Domain-Grounded AI Agents1 Apr 2026
- 2025Eidoku: A Neuro-Symbolic Verification Gate for LLM Reasoning via Structural Constraint Satisfaction19 Dec 2025
- 2024FaithBench: A Diverse Hallucination Benchmark for Summarization by Modern LLMscited by 24
- 2026Evidence Graph Consistency in Retrieval-Augmented Generation: A Model-Dependent Analysis of Hallucination Detectioncited by 2
- 2025Towards Lighter and Robust Evaluation for Retrieval Augmented Generationcited by 0
- 2026Evidence Graph Consistency in Retrieval-Augmented Generation: A Model-Dependent Analysis of Hallucination Detection4 Jun 2026
- 2025Towards Lighter and Robust Evaluation for Retrieval Augmented Generation20 Mar 2025
- 2024FaithBench: A Diverse Hallucination Benchmark for Summarization by Modern LLMs17 Oct 2024
- 2024Knowledge Graphs, Large Language Models, and Hallucinations: An NLP Perspectivecited by 29
- 2025The Scales of Justitia: A Comprehensive Survey on Safety Evaluation of LLMscited by 24
- 2025GraphEval: A Lightweight Graph-Based LLM Framework for Idea Evaluationcited by 17
- 2025FactSelfCheck: Fact-Level Black-Box Hallucination Detection for LLMscited by 14
- 2025GraphCheck: Breaking Long-Term Text Barriers with Extracted Knowledge Graph-Powered Fact-Checkingcited by 12
- 2024A Survey of Event Causality Identification: Taxonomy, Challenges, Assessment, and Prospectscited by 6
- 2025Loki's Dance of Illusions: A Comprehensive Survey of Hallucination in Large Language Modelscited by 6
- 2024LLMs Prompted for Graphs: Hallucinations and Generative Capabilitiescited by 3
- 2025KEA Explain: Explanations of Hallucinations using Graph Kernel Analysiscited by 3
- 2025Mitigating Geospatial Knowledge Hallucination in Large Language Models: Benchmarking and Dynamic Factuality Aligningcited by 3
- 2025Scalable and Reliable Evaluation of AI Knowledge Retrieval Systems: RIKER and the Coherent Simulated Universecited by 3
- 2026MHSafeEval: Role-Aware Interaction-Level Evaluation of Mental Health Safety in Large Language Modelscited by 3
12 most cited of 22 All 22 (JSON)
- 2026Do LLMs Understand Context? A Knowledge Graph-Based Evaluation Framework24 Sep 2026
- 2026Evaluation of Contextual Understanding in Large Language Models8 Sep 2026
- 2026From Found to Designed: Concepts as a Design Axis for Large Language Models29 Jul 2026
- 2026MedHal-Loc: Are "Explainable-by-Architecture" Medical Hallucination Detectors Faithful Localizers? A Localization Benchmark19 Jun 2026
- 2026Cross Paraphrastic Invariance Learning for Hallucination Detection6 Jun 2026
- 2026KG-Guard: Graph-Based Hallucination Detection for Knowledge Base Question Answering29 May 2026
- 2026Graph Alignment Topology as an Inductive Bias for Grounding Detection21 May 2026
- 2026MHSafeEval: Role-Aware Interaction-Level Evaluation of Mental Health Safety in Large Language Models20 Apr 2026
- 2025Scalable and Reliable Evaluation of AI Knowledge Retrieval Systems: RIKER and the Coherent Simulated Universe22 Dec 2025
- 2025Graphing the Truth: Structured Visualizations for Automated Hallucination Detection in LLMs29 Nov 2025
- 2025Continuous Monitoring of Large-Scale Generative AI via Deterministic Knowledge Graph Structures4 Sep 2025
- 2025Mitigating Geospatial Knowledge Hallucination in Large Language Models: Benchmarking and Dynamic Factuality Aligning25 Jul 2025
12 newest of 22 All 22 (JSON)