Enhancing Multilingual Voice Toxicity Detection with Speech-Text Alignment
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Abstract (arXiv)
Toxicity classification for voice heavily relies on the semantic content of speech. We propose a novel framework that utilizes cross-modal learning to integrate the semantic embedding of text into a multilabel speech toxicity classifier during training. This enables us to incorporate textual information during training while still requiring only audio during inference. We evaluate this classifier on large-scale datasets with real-world characteristics to validate the effectiveness of this framework. Through ablation studies, we demonstrate that general-purpose semantic text embeddings are rich and aligned with speech for toxicity classification purposes. Conducting experiments across multiple languages at scale, we show improvements in voice toxicity classification across five languages and different toxicity categories.
Key facts. Cited by 5 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 15 of its 22 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 14 Jun 2024.
Builds on
15 of 22 references.
References · 15
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- 2022Robust Speech Recognition via Large-Scale Weak Supervisioncited by 3,972
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- 2021Comparing Kullback-Leibler Divergence and Mean Squared Error Loss in Knowledge Distillationcited by 131
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- 2024MuTox: Universal MUltilingual Audio-based TOXicity Dataset and Zero-shot Detectorcited by 14
- 2021DeToxy: A Large-Scale Multimodal Dataset for Toxicity Classification in Spoken Utterancescited by 13
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2024: 1; 2025: 2; 2026: 2.
5 papers.
- 2024On the Role of Speech Data in Reducing Toxicity Detection Biascited by 2
- 2025Taxonomy-Adaptive Moderation Model with Robust Guardrails for Large Language Modelscited by 2
- 2025ViToSA: Audio-Based Toxic Spans Detection on Vietnamese Speech Utterancescited by 0
- 2026Few-Shot Contrastive Adaptation for Audio Abuse Detection in Low-Resource Indic Languagescited by 0
- 2026Beyond Content: A Comprehensive Speech Toxicity Dataset and Detection Framework Incorporating Paralinguistic Cuescited by 0
- 2026Beyond Content: A Comprehensive Speech Toxicity Dataset and Detection Framework Incorporating Paralinguistic Cues15 May 2026
- 2026Few-Shot Contrastive Adaptation for Audio Abuse Detection in Low-Resource Indic Languages10 Apr 2026
- 2025Taxonomy-Adaptive Moderation Model with Robust Guardrails for Large Language Models5 Dec 2025
- 2025ViToSA: Audio-Based Toxic Spans Detection on Vietnamese Speech Utterances31 May 2025
- 2024On the Role of Speech Data in Reducing Toxicity Detection Bias12 Nov 2024