ADIMA: Abuse Detection In Multilingual Audio
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Abstract (arXiv)
Abusive content detection in spoken text can be addressed by performing Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) and leveraging advancements in natural language processing. However, ASR models introduce latency and often perform sub-optimally for profane words as they are underrepresented in training corpora and not spoken clearly or completely. Exploration of this problem entirely in the audio domain has largely been limited by the lack of audio datasets. Building on these challenges, we propose ADIMA, a novel, linguistically diverse, ethically sourced, expert annotated and well-balanced multilingual profanity detection audio dataset comprising of 11,775 audio samples in 10 Indic languages spanning 65 hours and spoken by 6,446 unique users. Through quantitative experiments across monolingual and cross-lingual zero-shot settings, we take the first step in democratizing audio based content moderation in Indic languages and set forth our dataset to pave future work.
Key facts. Cited by 11 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 11 of its 18 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 16 Feb 2022.
Builds on
11 of 18 references.
References · 11
- 2020wav2vec 2.0: A Framework for Self-Supervised Learning of Speech Representationscited by 3,853
- 2016CNN Architectures for Large-Scale Audio Classificationcited by 701
- 2020VGGSound: A Large-scale Audio-Visual Datasetcited by 641
- 2020The Hateful Memes Challenge: Detecting Hate Speech in Multimodal Memescited by 485
- 2020HateXplain: A Benchmark Dataset for Explainable Hate Speech Detectioncited by 403
- 2018Large Scale Crowdsourcing and Characterization of Twitter Abusive Behaviorcited by 265
- 2018Hate Speech Dataset from a White Supremacy Forumcited by 196
- 2019Multilingual and Multi-Aspect Hate Speech Analysiscited by 133
- 2021CLSRIL-23: Cross Lingual Speech Representations for Indic Languagescited by 22
- 2017Large-scale weakly supervised audio classification using gated convolutional neural networkcited by 16
- 2019Customized video filtering on YouTubecited by 1
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Citing papers per year: 2022: 1; 2023: 1; 2024: 4; 2025: 4; 2026: 1.
11 papers.
- 2024MuTox: Universal MUltilingual Audio-based TOXicity Dataset and Zero-shot Detectorcited by 14
- 2023Validating Multimedia Content Moderation Software via Semantic Fusioncited by 5
- 2024Enhancing Multilingual Voice Toxicity Detection with Speech-Text Alignmentcited by 5
- 2025ToxicTone: A Mandarin Audio Dataset Annotated for Toxicity and Toxic Utterance Tonalitycited by 5
- 2024On the Role of Speech Data in Reducing Toxicity Detection Biascited by 2
- 2025Inclusivity of AI Speech in Healthcare: A Decade Look Backcited by 2
- 2022Multilingual and Multimodal Abuse Detectioncited by 0
- 2024Towards Cross-Lingual Audio Abuse Detection in Low-Resource Settings with Few-Shot Learningcited by 0
- 2025What Makes Code Generation Ethically Sourced?cited by 0
- 2025Metamorphic Testing for Audio Content Moderation Softwarecited by 0
- 2026Few-Shot Contrastive Adaptation for Audio Abuse Detection in Low-Resource Indic Languagescited by 0
- 2026Few-Shot Contrastive Adaptation for Audio Abuse Detection in Low-Resource Indic Languages10 Apr 2026
- 2025Metamorphic Testing for Audio Content Moderation Software29 Sep 2025
- 2025What Makes Code Generation Ethically Sourced?26 Jul 2025
- 2025ToxicTone: A Mandarin Audio Dataset Annotated for Toxicity and Toxic Utterance Tonality21 May 2025
- 2025Inclusivity of AI Speech in Healthcare: A Decade Look Back15 May 2025
- 2024Towards Cross-Lingual Audio Abuse Detection in Low-Resource Settings with Few-Shot Learning2 Dec 2024
- 2024On the Role of Speech Data in Reducing Toxicity Detection Bias12 Nov 2024
- 2024Enhancing Multilingual Voice Toxicity Detection with Speech-Text Alignment14 Jun 2024
- 2024MuTox: Universal MUltilingual Audio-based TOXicity Dataset and Zero-shot Detector10 Jan 2024
- 2023Validating Multimedia Content Moderation Software via Semantic Fusion23 May 2023
- 2022Multilingual and Multimodal Abuse Detection3 Apr 2022